Is there an association of hepatitis B virus infection with minimal change disease of nephrotic syndrome? A clinical observational report

Figures & data

Table 1. The detailed characteristics of included cases.

Case (Sex/Age)	Proteinuria	Urine occult blood	Alb(g/L)	SCr (umol/L)	Pathological characteristics	HBV infection	Treatment schedule
Case 1 (Female/25-year-old)	Negative	2+	45.9	56	Light microscope: 11 glomeruli was observed. There was no segmental glomerular sclerosis and global sclerosis. Mesangial cells and matrix were slight hyperplasia. Immunofluorescence showed IgM was positive, and IgA, IgG, C3, C1q were negative. Diffuse electron microscopy observed foot process fusion and microvilli change.	HBsAb (+), HBeAb (+), HBcAb (+), HBV-DNA <5E+002 IU/ml	Monitor
Case 2 (Female/37-year-old)	4+	2+	21.6	90.8	Light microscope: 38 glomeruli was observed. One was ball glomerular sclerosis, and others were glomerular mesangial cells and matrix slight hyperplasia. Immunofluorescence showed IgM was positive, and IgA, IgG, C3, HBsAg, HBcAg were negative. Diffuse electron microscopy observed foot process fusion and microvilli changed.	HBV-DNA 1.89E+008 IU/ml	Lamivudine (After 56 days of treatment, the proteinuria, urine occult blood and Alb returned to normal)
Case 3 (Female/25-year-old)	±	2+	43.6	59	Light microscope: 32 glomeruli was observed. One was ball glomerular sclerosis, and others were glomerular mesangial cells and matrix slight hyperplasia. Immunofluorescence showed IgM (+)and C1q ±. It also indicated that IgA, IgG, C3, HBsAg, HBcAg were negative. Diffuse electron microscopy observed foot process fusion and microvilli changed.	HBsAg (+), HBcAb (+)	Telbivudine (After one month treatment, the proteinuria and urine occult blood were negative)
Case 4 (Male/20-year-old)	3+	±	22.5	69	Light microscope microscope detected a glomeruli. Immunofluorescence showed HBsAg, HBcAg were negative. Diffuse electron microscopy foot process fusion and microvilli changed, but not to the exclusion of FSGS	HBsAg (+), HBeAb (+), HBcAb (+), HBV-DNA <5E+002 IU/ml	Lamivudine, Methylprednisolone

Note: FSGS: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Figure 1. The treatment schedule and the treatment effectiveness evaluation of case 4.