The first histopathological evidence of trimetazidine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy

Figures & data

Table 1. Serum creatinine and creatinine clearance levels in each group.

Parameters	Serum creatinine (mg dL^−1)**			Creatinine clearance (mL min^−1)
Days	D 1	D 5	p	D 1	D 5	p
Control (n = 7)	0.400 (0.400–0.600)	0.400 (0.400–0.500)	NS	1.32 ± 0.38	1.16 ± 0.34	NS
CM (n = 7)	0.500 (0.400–0.500)	0.600 (0.500–0.800)	*	1.2 ± 0.14	0.85 ± 0.33	*
TMZ (n = 7)	0.500 (0.400–0.500)	0.500 (0.400–0.500)	NS	0.53 ± 0.07	0.54 ± 0.05	NS
CM + TMZ (n = 7)	0.500 (0.500–0.600)	0.500 (0.400–0.600)	NS	0.5 ± 0.06	0.49 ± 0.07	NS

Notes: *p < 0.05.

NS, not significant.

**Serum creatinine parameters are expressed as median (interquartile range).

Table 2. SOD and CAT activity, and GSH and MDA levels in all four groups.

	Experimental groups
Parameters	Control (n = 7)	CM (n = 7)	TMZ (n = 7)	CM + TMZ (n = 7)	p
Renal tissue
SOD: U mg^−1 of protein	3.73 ± 0.42^a	2.54 ± 0.26^b	3.87 ± 0.20^a	3.72 ± 0.37^a	*
CAT: k mg^−1 of protein	0.75 ± 0.30	0.54 ± 0.19	1.19 ± 0.23	0.71 ± 0.22	NS
GSH: mg g^−1 of protein	0.50 ± 0.04^b	0.39 ± 0.03^b	0.79 ± 0.18^a	0.42 ± 0.01^b	*
MDA: nmol mg^−1 of protein	419.15 ± 49.01^b	562.82 ± 38.15^a	222.01 ± 19.77^c	507.34 ± 14.16^a,b	***

Notes: a, b, and c: Each letter indicates statistically significant differences in the same row.

*p < 0.05. ***p < 0.001; NS, not significant.

Figure 1. (a) Mild congestion (arrow) in the renal tubules image of control group (H&E, ×200). (b) Expansion of Bowman’s capsule (arrowhead), tubular dilatation and degeneration (arrows), and inflammation (asterisks) in renal tissue image of the contrast medium group (H&E, ×200). (c) Mild congestion (arrow) in renal tissue image of the TMZ group (H&E, ×200). TMZ: Trimetazidine. (d) Congestion (long arrow) and mild dilatation in tubular epithelium (small arrows) in renal tissue image of the TMZ + CM group (H&E, ×400). TMZ + CM: Trimetazidine + Contrast medium.

Figure 2. Histopathological findings in renal tissue. Expansion of Bowman’s capsule, tubule epithelium degeneration, tubule epithelium necrosis, tubule dilatation, interstitial infiltration and vascular congestion scores for each group. a and b: Each letter indicates statistically significant differences in the same row. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.