Epidemiology, outcomes and validation of RIFLE and AKIN criteria in acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients: Indian perspective

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study patients (n = 242).

Parameters	Mean ± SD and Percentage (%)
Age	52.83 ± 17.04
Sex (Male/Female)	61.57%/38.43%
APACHE III Score	48.19 ± 24.11
Admission Serum Creatinine	1.12 ± 0.73
Number of patients with sepsis	59.5%
Number of patients with AKI	34.30% (RIFLE) 45.9% (AKIN)
ICU Length of stay	7.35 ± 4.92
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT)	6.61%
28 day mortality	12.4%

Figure 1. (a) Epidemiology of AKI (RIFLE criteria). (b) Epidemiology of AKI (AKIN criteria).

Figure 2. (a) Survival of patients with and without AKI (RIFLE criteria). (b) Survival of patients with and without AKI (AKIN criteria).

Table 2. Characteristics of patients with and without AKI (RIFLE Criteria).

Variables	No AKI	AKI	p-Value between AKI and
No of patients	159	83	No AKI groups
Age	49.92 ± 16.85	58.40 ± 16.09	<0.001
APACHE III Score	39.16 ± 18.83	65.48 ± 23.77	<0.001
Admission Serum  Creatinine	0.83 ± 0.20	1.67 ± 1.01	<0.001
Sepsis	50 (31.45%)	48 (57.83%)	<0.001
ICU LOS	6.97 ± 4.51	8.06 ± 5.59	0.104
RRT	1 (0.63%)	15 (18.07%)	<0.001
Mortality	5 (3.14%)	25 (30.12%)	<0.001

Table 3. Characteristics of patients with and without AKI (AKIN Criteria).

Variables	No AKI with AKIN	AKI with AKIN	p-Value between AKI and No AKI groups
No of Patients	131	111
Age	50.63 ± 16.10	55.42 ± 17.82	0.029
APACHE III Score	40.33 ± 19.04	57.46 ± 26.18	<0.001
Admission Serum  Creatinine	0.79 ± 0.18	1.51 ± 0.92	<0.001
Sepsis	36 (27.48%)	62 (55.86%)	0.0001
ICU LOS	6.96 ± 4.72	7.80 ± 5.13	0.186
RRT	1 (0.76%)	15 (13.51%)	<0.001
Mortality	4 (3.05%)	26 (23.42%)	<0.001

Table 4. Predictors of mortality.

				Odds	95% CI for EXP(B)
Variables	B	S.E.	p-Value	Ratio	Lower	Upper
AGE	−0.014	0.015	0.355	0.986	0.956	1.016
SEX	0.044	0.493	0.928	1.045	0.398	2.745
APACHE3	0.037	0.012	0.002	1.038	1.013	1.062
SEPSIS	0.047	0.481	0.922	1.048	0.408	2.692
AKI	1.785	0.580	0.002	5.960	1.912	18.579
DIALYSIS	0.337	0.694	0.627	1.401	0.360	5.455
Constant	−4.459	1.209	0.000	0.012

Table 5. Comparison of patients having AKI based on RIFLE and AKIN.

Variables	AKI (RIFLE)	AKI (AKIN)
No of Patients	83	111
Age	58.40 ± 16.09	55.42 ± 17.82
APACHE III Score	65.48 ± 23.77	57.46 ± 26.18
Admission Serum Creatinine	1.67 ± 1.01	1.51 ± 0.92
Sepsis	48 (57.83%)	62 (55.86%)
ICU LOS	8.06 ± 5.59	7.80 ± 5.13
RRT	15 (18.07%)	15 (13.51%)
Mortality	25 (30.12%)	26 (23.42%)

Figure 3. ROC curves of APACHE III and severity of AKI. AUC for ROC for APACHE III = 0.815 (p < 0.001), for RIFLEmax = 0.812 (p < 0.001), and for AKINmax = 0.809 (p < 0.001).