Relationship between glycemic control, microalbuminuria and cognitive functions in elderly type 2 diabetic patients

Figures & data

Table 1. The anthropometric characteristics and laboratory parameters of type 2 diabetic patients and control group.

	Diabeticpatients (n = 104)	Control group (n = 44)	p
Age (year)	65.86 ± 5.19	65.40 ± 5.00	NS
Gender (female/male)	62/42	27/17	NS
Smokers (n, %)	18 (17.3%)	5 (17.2%)	NS
Alcohol consumption (n, %)	3 (2.9%)	1 (2.27%)	NS
Body weight (kg)	79.75 ± 15.09	73.75 ± 14.57	0.019
BMI (kg/m^2)	30.28 ± 5.66	28.64 ± 5.19	NS
Waist circumference (cm)	102.17 ± 12.70	96.27 ± 13.18	0.013
Hip circumference (cm)	113.02 ± 11.84	111.04 ± 11.73	NS
WHR	0.90 ± 0.07	0.86 ± 0.06	0.002
FPG (mg/dL)	155.93 ± 57.12	96.95 ± 19.02	<0.01
A1c (%)	7.55 ± 1.57	−	−
TC (mg/dL)	194.40 ± 36.07	193.84 ± 35.83	NS
HDL-C (mg/dL)	46.22 ± 13.37	56.81 ± 12.70	<0.01
LDL-C (mg/dL)	117.44 ± 33.57	116.61 ± 34.82	NS
TG (mg/dL)	158.50 ± 77.40	131.30 ± 59.27	0.034
MCr (µg/mg)	45.15 ± 59.55	−	−
SMMSE	22.47 ± 4.74	24.22 ± 3.56	0.025

Note: NS: not significant, BMI: body mass index, WHR: waist–hip ratio, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, A1c: hemoglobin A1c, TC: total cholesterol, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, MCr: urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratios, SMMSE: standardized mini mental state examination.

Table 2. The anthropometric characteristics and laboratory parameters of type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria.

	Patients with normoalbuminuria (group 1, n = 60)	Patients with microalbuminuria (group 2, n = 44)	p
Age (year)	65.30 ± 5.14	66.63 ± 5.22	NS
Duration of diabetes (month)	133.01 ± 81.90	66.63 ± 5.22	NS
Body weight (kg)	79.11 ± 11.73	80.63 ± 18.85	NS
BMI (kg/m^2)	30.47 ± 4.83	30.03 ± 6.67	NS
Waist circumference (cm)	102.51 ± 10.67	101.70 ± 15.16	NS
Hip circumference (cm)	114.10 ± 9.99	111.56 ± 13.96	NS
WHR	0.89 ± 0.06	0.91 ± 0.08	NS
SBP (mmHg)	132.25 ± 12.83	132.95 ± 11.17	NS
DBP (mmHg)	81.96 ± 10.31	80.45 ± 10.66	NS
Hemoglobin (g/L)	12.87 ± 1.68	12.77 ± 1.88	NS
FPG (mg/dL)	161.63 ± 62.50	148.15 ± 48.44	NS
PPG (mg/dL)	216.06 ± 89.06	214.25 ± 69.76	NS
A1c (%)	7.54 ± 1.49	7.57 ± 1.68	NS
TC (mg/dL)	192.51 ± 36.37	196.97 ± 35.92	NS
HDL-C (mg/dL)	46.00 ± 10.88	46.52 ± 16.30	NS
LDL-C (mg/dL)	115.48 ± 35.03	120.21 ± 31.60	NS
TG (mg/dL)	157.55 ± 82.04	159.83 ± 71.31	NS
MCr (µg/mg)	12.11 ± 6.41	90.20 ± 69.55	< 0.01
SMMSE	22.36 ± 4.66	22.61 ± 4.90	NS

Note: NS: not significant, BMI: body mass index, WHR: waist–hip ratio, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, PPG: postprandial plasma glucose, A1c: hemoglobin A1c, TC: total cholesterol, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, MCr: urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratios, SMMSE: standardized mini mental state examination.

Table 3. The factors related with SMMSE scores.

	Correlations		Linear regression
	r	p*	β	CI (5–95%)		p**
Grup (diabetes/control)	0.185	0.024	0.01	−1.54	1.80	0.87
Gender (female/male)	−0.306	<0.01	−0.18	−3.35	0.44	0.056
Economic level (bad versus good)	0.271	0.01	0.03	−1.11	1.56	0.74
Education level (primary versus higher)	0.538	<0.01	0.41	1.01	2.56	<0.001
Hemoglobin (g/L)	0.166	0.044	−0.01	−0.44	0.38	0.88
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−0.176	0.032	0.05	−0.06	0.09	0.60
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−0.286	<0.01	−0.25	−0.20	0.02	0.017
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	−0.221	0.01	−0.09	−0.66	0.19	0.28

Note: r: correlation coefficient, β: regression coefficient; *p < 0.05 significant, **p < 0.01 significant.

CI: 95.0% confidence interval for β.