A retrospective study of short- and long-term effects on renal function after acute renal infarction

Figures & data

Figure 1. Magnitude of renal infarction. Shaded area was noted as infarction area. 1-A (less than 25%); 1-B (25–50%); 1-C (more than 50%).

Table 1. Baseline characteristics, underlying disease, and clinical manifestations of patients with renal infarction.

Age (year)	59.0 ± 17.0
M/F	63/37
Underlying disease	Number
Atrial fibrillation	40
Infective endocarditis	7
Heart failure	7
Aortic dissection	3
Vavular heart disease	1
Patent foramen ovale	1
Trauma	5
Malignancy	4
Post-transplantation of kidney	1
Intraabdominal mass	1
Burger's disease	1
Hyperhomocysteinemia	1
No underlying disease	28
Clinical manifestation
Flank and/or abdominal pain	91
Anorexia	16
Nausea	29
Vomiting	22
Oliguria	1
Abdominal tenderness	74
CVA tenderness	54
Fever	10
Hypertension	35

Table 2. Initial and maximal laboratory values in the patients with renal infarction.

Clinical and laboratory parameters	Initial values	Maximal values
ALP (IU/L)	90.6 ± 4.8	112.8 ± 6.8
AST (IU/L)	90.1 ± 12.1	114.2 ± 19.9
ALT (IU/L)	52.6 ± 4.8	89.7 ± 7.9
LDH (IU/L)	629.8 ± 45.9	807.2 ± 63.6
CK (U/L)	327.4 ± 76.9	541.1 ± 126.0
WBC (mm^3)	13.3 ± 0.6	NA
Proteinuria (n, %)	56 (56)	NA
(−)	44
(±)	33 (33)
(+)	17 (17)
(++)	6 (6)
Microscopic hematuria (n)	60 (60)	NA
ESR	33.4 ± 3.4	NA

Notes: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspirate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CK, creatine kinase; WBC, white blood cell; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Table 3. Comparison of laboratory findings according to magnitude of renal infarction.

	Magnitude of renal infarction
	<25%	25–50%	>50%	p
	n = 52 (%)	n = 31 (%)	n = 17 (%)
^aALP (IU/L)	117.1 ± 69.7	98.6 ± 45.2	126.8 ± 86.1	0.308
^aAST (IU/L)	138.4 ± 266.6	74.4 ± 49.0	120.1 ± 95.5	0.336
^aALT (IU/L)	98.9 ± 86.3	75.7 ± 70.4	89.8 ± 62.6	0.436
^aLDH (IU/L)	707.3 ± 429.0	732.3 ± 430.1	1267.6 ± 449.6	0.004
^aBUN (mg/dL)	23.6 ± 12.3	25.0 ± 12.7	34.8 ± 17.7	0.015
^aCr (mg/dL)	1.2 ± 0.5	1.2 ± 0.4	2.5 ± 2.3	<0.001
Proteinuria				0.047
(−)	28 (53.8)	12 (38.7)	4 (23.5)
(±)	16 (30.8)	11 (32.3)	6 (35.3)
(+)	7 (13.5)	7 (25.8)	3 (17.6)
(++)	1 (1.9)	1 (3.2)	4 (23.6)
Microscopic  hematuria	32 (61.5)	17 (54.5)	11 (64.7)	0.654

Notes: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspirate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine.

^aAll values are peak level.

Table 4. Comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters in the patients with renal infarction according to the development of AKI.

Clinical and laboratory parameters	AKI group (n = 30)	Non-AKI group (n = 70)	p
Age	67.9 ± 13.4	55.2 ± 16.9	0.020
^aALP (IU/L)	130.4 ± 82.3	105.9 ± 57.7	0.055
^aAST (IU/L)	194.5 ± 335.3	84.0 ± 87.8	<0.001
^aALT (IU/L)	115.7 ± 96.8	79.9 ± 66.9	<0.001
^aLDH (IU/L)	977.2 ± 468.8	731.1 ± 458.9	0.027
Creatinine (mg/dL)	2.5 ± 1.8	1.1 ± 0.3	<0.001
WBC (mm^3)	15.5 ± 7.7	12.3 ± 5.1	0.035
Af	14	26	0.384
Proteinuria			<0.001
(−)	6	39
(±)	10	23
(+)	9	8
(++)	5	1
Microscopic hematuria	23	37	0.038
HT	7	19	0.806
Infarct size range
<25%	13	39
25–50%	6	25
>50%	11	6	0.004
Death	6	0	<0.001

Notes: AKI, acute kidney injury; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspirate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; WBC, white blood cell; Af, atrial fibrillation; HT, hypertension.

^aAll values are peak level.

Table 5. Comparison clinical data in the patients with renal infarction according to with/without CRF.

Clinical data	With CRF group (n = 31)	Without CRF group (n = 69)	p
eGFR (mL/min)	46.3 ± 13.1	89.6 ± 35.3	<0.001
Occurrence of ARF	17	13	0.003
Onset time of ARF			0.045
At admission	7	1
After admission	10	12
CKD progression	4	3	0.21
Death	3	3	0.1

Notes: CRF, chronic renal failure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate by MDRD; CKD, chronic kidney disease.

Table 6. Comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters in the patients with renal infarction according to the progression of CKD.

Clinical and laboratory parameters	CKD progression (+) (n = 7)	CKD progression (−) (n = 23)	p
Age	64.6 ± 7.1	58.6 ± 17.4	0.371
^aALP (IU/L)	165.7 ± 115.5	108.6 ± 59.9	0.028
^aAST (IU/L)	101.9 ± 119.7	115.2 ± 199.9	0.863
^aALT (IU/L)	79.1 ± 83.1	90.5 ± 77.4	0.710
^aLDH (IU/L)	1034.3 ± 673.5	779.3 ± 442.6	0.214
WBC (mm^3)	11.1 ± 6.6	13.4 ± 6.1	0.337
Af	4	9	0.433
Proteinuria	6	12	0.104
Microscopic hematuria	4	13	1.000
HT	2	5	1.000
Infarct size range
<25%	1	13
25–50%	2	7
>50%	4	3	0.015

Notes: CKD, chronic kidney disease; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspirate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; WBC, white blood cell; Af, atrial fibrillation; HT, hypertension.

^aAll values are peak level.