Prescription of psychotropic drugs in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis

Figures & data

Table 1. The demographic data, psychiatric characteristics and patterns of psychotropic drugs use among hemodialysis patients with and without major depressive disorder (MDD).

	Total (N = 195)	With MDD (N = 47)	Without MDD (N = 148)	Statistics
Sex (female/male)	103 (52.8)/92 (47.2)	27 (57.4)/20 (42.6)	76 (51.4)/72 (48.6)	χ^2 = 0.53
Age (years)	58.5 ± 13.9	57.2 ± 13.9	58.9 ± 13.9	t = 0.76
Education (years)	7.1 ± 4.6	6.9 ± 5.1	7.2 ± 4.4	t = 0.39
Duration of hemodialysis (months)	68.0 ± 66.2	57.8 ± 57.7	71.3 ± 68.5	t = 1.22
Number of comorbid diseases	2.0 ± 1.6	2.1 ± 1.9	2.0 ± 1.5	χ^2 = 0.59
Any visit to a psychiatric OPD within six months	5 (2.6)	3 (6.4)	2 (1.4)	χ^2 = 3.62
Anxiety score in HADS	4.6 ± 4.0	7.4 ± 4.7	3.7 ± 3.3	t = 5.11***
Depression score in HADS	6.3 ± 5.6	11.6 ± 5.8	4.7 ± 4.3	t = 7.54***
Fatigue score in CFS	19.7 ± 5.9	24.5 ± 6.0	18.1 ± 5.0	t = 7.29***
Physical component summary in SF-36	52.4 ± 26.9	47.4 ± 28.1	54.0 ± 26.4	t = 1.46
Mental component summery in SF-36	66.6 ± 29.4	39.0 ± 27.2	75.5 ± 24.2	t = 8.72***
Psychotropic drugs use^a
Antidepressants	11 (5.6)	6 (12.8)	5 (3.4)	χ^2 = 5.99*
Antipsychotics	2 (1.0)	2 (4.3)	0 (0)	χ^2 = 6.42*
Mood stabilizers	6 (3.1)	1 (2.1)	5 (3.4)	χ^2 = 0.18
Benzodiazepines	83 (42.6)	22 (46.8)	61 (41.2)	χ^2 = 0.52
Hypnotics	39 (20.0)	16 (34.0)	23 (15.5)	χ^2 = 7.83**
Any psychotropic medication	101 (51.8)	28 (59.6)	73 (49.3)	χ^2 = 1.66

Notes: Values are expressed as n (%) or mean ± SD.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

OPD: outpatient department; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; CFS: the Chalder Fatigue Scale; SF-36: The Short-form Health-related Quality of Life. ^aPsychotropic medication use was defined as usage within one month prior to interview.

Table 2. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with psychotropic medication use in hemodialysis patients (N = 195).

Predictors	Any antidepressant	Any benzodiazepine	Any hypnotic
	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Sex (female vs. male)	1.16 (0.27–5.00)	1.17 (0.60–2.34)	1.04 (0.44–2.45)
Age	0.99 (0.93–1.05)	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.98 (0.95–1.01)
Years of education	0.96 (0.81–1.14)	0.93 (0.86–1.01)	0.93 (0.84–1.03)
Duration of hemodialysis	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	1.00 (1.00–1.01)
Number of comorbid diseases	1.38 (0.95–2.01)	1.03 (0.85–1.26)	1.08 (0.85–1.36)
MDD (with vs. without)	3.98 (1.10–14.48)*	1.35 (0.68–2.70)	2.75 (1.27–5.95)*

Notes: aOR: adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; MDD: major depressive disorder; *p < 0.05.