Efficacy of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibition in extracorporeal shock wave-induced renal injury

Figures & data

Table 1. Biochemical values in serum.

Groups	Control (n = 8)	ESW (n = 8)	ESW + 3-AB (n = 8)
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.66 ± 0.02	0.44 ± 0.05^a	0.46 ± 0.07^a
Urea (mg/dL)	1.25 ± 0.34	1.28 ± 0.43	0.97 ± 0.35
AST (IU/L)	84.2 ± 14.4	241.7 ± 32.5^a	127.4 ± 26.8^a,b
ALP (IU/L)	97.7 ± 34.5	327.4 ± 69.5^a	209.7 ± 39.8^a,b
Na (mEq/L)	139.9 ± 5.1	109.2 ± 13.6^a	112.6 ± 12.7^a
K (mEq/L)	5.9 ± 0.4	4.2 ± 0.6^a	5.1 ± 0.6^a
Cl (mEq/L)	98.4 ± 3.4	80.6 ± 7.9^a	83.6 ± 9.5^a
Neopterin (nmol/L)	6.1 ± 0.7	8.9 ± 1.6^a	6.8 ± 0.8^a

^ap < 0.05 Statistically different from control group.

^bp < 0.05 Statistically different from ESW group.

Data are expressed as median ± (SD).

Table 2. Values of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes.

Groups	Control (n = 8)	ESW (n = 8)	ESW + 3-AB (n = 8)
MDA (nmol/g-pro)	0.25 ± 0.24	1.13 ± 0.32^a	0.47 ± 0.26^b
SOD (U/g-pro)	854 ± 145	1875 ± 327^a	1220 ± 445^a,b
GSH-Px (U/g-pro)	41.8 ± 10.2	98.5 ± 15.7^a	57.5 ± 14.3^a

^ap < 0.05 Statistically different from control group.

^bp < 0.05 Statistically different from ESW group.

Data are expressed as median ± (SD).

MDA: Malondialdehyde.

SOD: Superoxide dismutase.

GSH-Px: The glutathione peroxidase.

Figure 1. Light microscopic examination of the kidneys. (A) Shows the kidney of control group. (B) There was mild to moderate glomerular congestion, and severe tubular dilatation and injury (arrows) in ESW group. (C) Tubular structures were preserved in the kidneys of ESW + 3-AB groups compared with the ESW group (H & E, Scale bars; 150 µm).

Table 3. Pathologic scores.

Groups	Sham-operated (n = 8)	ESW (n = 8)	ESW + 3-AB (n = 8)
Glomerular changes
Congestion	1 (1–2)	4 (3–4)^a	3 (2–3)^a
Hemorrhage	0 (0–0)	0 (0–1)	0 (0–0)
Necrosis	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)
Cresent formation	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)
Tubular changes
Vacuolar degeneration	1 (0–1)	4 (3–4)^a	2 (1–3)^b
Necrosis	0 (0–0)	2 (1–3)^a	1 (0–2)^b
Regeneration	0 (0–0)	2 (1–3)^a	1 (0–2)^b
Interstitial changes
Edema	0 (0–1)	1(0–2)	1 (0–2)
Congestion	2 (1–2)	4 (2–4)^a	3 (1–3)^a
Hemorrahage	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)
Inflammation	0 (0–0)	1 (0–2)	0 (0–0)
Vascular changes
Fibrinoid changes	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)
Fibrointimal thickening	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)
Total score	5 (3–8)	18 (10–23)^a	11 (4–13)^a,b

^ap < 0.05 Statistically different from control group.

^bp < 0.05 Statistically different from ESW group.

Data are expressed as median (Min-Max).