The progress of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease

Figures & data

Table 1. General demographic characteristics of patients (n = 176).

						Primary disease (n)
CKD	Male/Female (n)	Age	eGFR	ACEI/ARB (n)	CCB (n)	CGN	DN	HN	Others
Control	40/27	51.4 ± 15.5	118.6 ± 8.7	0	0	0	0	0	0
1–2	31/22	52.8 ± 16.9	86.5 ± 8.4	11	8	32	10	5	1
3	35/23	50.5 ± 14.1	48.4 ± 8.0	12	21	34	6	9	2
4	22/15	48.2 ± 18.3	19.7 ± 4.3	7	25	27	5	6	2
5	16/12	49.8 ± 17.6	9.5 ± 4.2	5	18	19	8	7	3

Notes: CKD: chronic kidney disease, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m²), ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker, CCB: calcium channel blocker, CGN: chronic glomerular nephritis, DN: diabetic nephropathy, HN: hypertensive nephropathy, Others: including obstructive and uric acid nephropathy, etc.

Figure 1. Differences in serum levels of hs-CRP, MDA, IL-6, SOD and GSH-Px in patients with different stage of CKD.

Table 2. Nutritional, inflammatory and oxidative stress variations in the study groups.

CKD	N	Hb (g/L)	Alb (g/L)	hs-CRP (mg/L)	IL-6 (ng/L)	MDA (nmol/mL)	SOD (U/mL)	GSH-PX(U/L)
Control	67	127.6 ± 8.9	43.2 ± 4.4	1.16 ± 0.7	54.6 ± 13.9	3.21 ± 1.35	130.7 ± 31.5	276.4 ± 23.3
1-2	53	122.9 ± 25.5	38.5 ± 7.2	2.05 ± 1.21	95.2 ± 19.7	4.25 ± 1.89	92.8 ± 18.2	233.9 ± 11.8
3	58	98.4 ± 23.7	36.4 ± 6.3	3.68 ± 1.82	191.9 ± 40.4	5.18 ± 2.09	75.4 ± 15.3	180.4 ± 19.7
4	37	91.2 ± 19.3	35.6 ± 5.9	5.98 ± 1.92	274.8 ± 50.5	7.94 ± 3.45	70.4 ± 15.2	159.6 ± 18.2
5	28	75.6 ± 12.8	34.7 ± 6.8	7.31 ± 1.82	329.3 ± 64.4	12.14 ± 4.10	68.3 ± 17.6	142.4 ± 20.9

Notes: CKD: chronic kidney disease, Hb: hemoglobin, Alb: albumin, hs-CRP: high-sensitive CRP, MDA: malondialdehyde, SOD: superoxide dismutase, GSH-PX: glutathione peroxidase.

Table 3. Spearman correlation analyses for inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with CKD.

	MDA		SOD		GSH-PX
	r Value	p Value	r Value	p Value	r Value	p Value
hs-CRP	0.896	<0.01	−0.901	<0.01	−0.885	<0.01
IL-6	0.861	<0.05	−0.893	<0.01	−0.869	<0.05
eGFR	−0.904	<0.01	0.963	<0.01	0.872	<0.05

Table 4. Variance ratios for hs-CRP and MDA in patients with CKD after 12 months of follow-up (%).

CKD	Scr	hs-CRP	MDA
2	35.7 ± 8.1	41.5 ± 24.3	24.9 ± 23.6
3	59.2 ± 31.7	146.0 ± 84.8	65.5 ± 32.8
4	58.2 ± 20.9	93.4 ± 47.5	73.2 ± 37.4

Note: Significance of Pearson correlation analysis between Scr and hs-CRP (p < 0.01), between Scr and MDA (p < 0.05), and between hs-CRP and MDA (p < 0.05), respectively.