Association between serum uric acid and mortality in a Chinese population of hypertensive patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of hypertensive patients with and without hyperuricemia.

Variables	With hyperuricemia (n = 600)	Without hyperuricemia (n = 1985)	p-Value
Age, yrs	69.6 ± 10.3	67.2 ± 10.6	<0.001
Women (n, %)	305 (50.8%)	916 (46.1%)	0.044
Systolic BP (mmHg)	145.9 ± 24.0	145.1 ± 21.7	0.468
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	82.9 ± 13.1	82.8 ± 12.2	0.906
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.79 ± 1.25	4.64 ± 1.13	0.010
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.83 ± 0.91	2.76 ± 0.85	0.069
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.17 ± 0.38	1.21 ± 0.37	0.022
Total triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.98 ± 1.59	1.63 ± 1.10	<0.001
Serum creatinine (µmol/L)	133.5 ± 131.5	98.3 ± 89.1	<0.001
Plasma glucose (mmol/L)	6.47 ± 3.03	6.44 ± 2.74	0.829
Smoking (n, %)	234 (39.0%)	783 (39.4%)	0.845
PAD (n, %)	208 (34.7%)	507 (25.5%)	<0.001
Type 2 diabetes (n, %)	254 (42.3%)	891 (44.9%)	0.266
Lipid disorders (n, %)	428 (72.2%)	1279 (64.8%)	0.001
CHD (n, %)	363 (60.5%)	1086 (54.7%)	0.012
CKD (n, %)	370 (62.3%)	775 (39.1%)	<0.001
Ischemic stroke (n, %)	203 (33.8%)	757 (38.1%)	0.056
ACEI use (n, %)	338 (56.4%)	1011 (51.0%)	0.019
ARB use (n, %)	83 (13.8%)	161 (8.1%)	<0.001
Antiplatelet therapy (n, %)	413 (68.8%)	1311 (66.1%)	0.215
β-blocker use (n, %)	264 (44.0%)	798 (40.2%)	0.101
CCB use (n, %)	279 (46.5%)	849 (42.8%)	0.109
Diuretics use (n, %)	258 (43.0%)	533 (26.9%)	<0.001

Table 2. All-cause and CVD mortality of hypertensive patients during the six-year follow-up.

Patients	All patients	With hyperuricemia	Without hyperuricemia
Number	2585	600	1985
Person-years (PY) of follow-up	10,856	2364	8492
All-cause deaths
Number	709	212	497
Mortality (per 1000 PY)	65.3	89.7	58.5
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	–	1.206 (1.002–1.453)	1.00 (Referent)
CVD deaths
Number	475	135	340
Mortality (per 1000 PY)	43.8	57.1	40.0
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	–	1.085 (1.002–1.271)	1.00 (Referent)

The Cox regression model was used to estimate the independent relationship between hyperuricemia and all-cause and CVD mortality after adjusting for gender, age, smoking, lipid disorders, type 2 diabetes, CKD, CHD, PAD, ischemic stroke, and medical therapy. Adjusted HRs were calculated.

Table 3. Six-year all-cause and CVD mortality of hypertensive patients in various uric acid categories.

Uric acid categories	All-cause mortality (%)	CVD mortality (%)
≤357 µmol/L (n, %)	424 (24.5%)	289 (16.7%)
>357 to ≤420 µmol/L (n, %)	110 (27.2%)	81 (20.0%)
>420 to ≤536 µmol/L (n, %)	105 (33.3%)	61 (19.4%)
>536 µmol/L (n, %)	70 (51.5%)	44 (32.4%)

Table 4. Adjusted HR of various uric acid categories to the six-year all-cause and CVD mortality.

Uric acid categories	All-cause mortality (%)	CVD mortality (%)
≤357 µmol/L  (HR, 95% CI)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
>357 to ≤420 µmol/L  (HR, 95% CI)	0.974 (0.765–1.239)	1.067 (0.802–1.419)
>420 to ≤536 µmol/L  (HR, 95% CI)	0.987 (0.766–1.271)	0.813 (0.583–1.136)
>536 µmol/L  (HR, 95% CI)	2.115 (1.596–2.801)	1.861 (1.296–2.673)

The Cox regression model was used to estimate the independent relationship between uric acid and all-cause and CVD mortality after adjusting for gender, age, smoking, lipid disorders, type 2 diabetes, CKD, CHD, PAD, ischemic stroke, and medical therapy. Adjusted HRs were calculated.