The relation between apelin levels, echocardiographic findings and carotid intima media thickness in peritoneal dialysis patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison between somatometric, hemodynamic and biochemical data in CAPD patients and control subjects.

	CAPD patients Mean ± SD n: 50	Controls Mean ± SD n: 18	p-Value
Age (years)	41.4 ± 11.9	41.7 ± 6.8	NS
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.5 ± 3.8	25.1 ± 3.8	NS
Waist circumference (cm)	94.6 ± 10.5	93 ± 10.8	NS
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.96	0.9	0.009
Duration of CAPD (months)	65.0 ± 35.4
Systolic BP (mmHg)	128.3 ± 19.6	115.8 ± 11.8	0.013
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	80.7 ± 11.8	74.4 ± 6.1	0.009
Mean BP (mmHg)	96.9 ± 16.8	88.2 ± 7.5	0.01
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	11.4 ± 2.0	14.4 ± 1.4	<0.001
Ferritin (ng/mL)	297.8 ± 394.6	226.3 ± 190.7	NS
Creatinine (mg/dL)	9.6 ± 1.9	0.8 ± 0.2	<0.001
Albumin (g/dL)	3.7 ± 0.4	4.3 ± 0.1	<0.001
Uric acid (mg/dL)	5.2 ± 0.8	4.6 ± 1.1	0.02
Serum Calcium (mg/dL)	9.1 ± 0.6	9.2 ± 0.1	NS
Serum Phosphorus (mg/dL)	5.0 ± 1.3	3.0 ± 0.3	<0.001
CaxP Product (mg^2/dL^2)	46.0 ± 12.7	28.4 ± 3.5	<0.001
PTH (pg/mL)	536.4 ± 534.7	–
Trigliceryde (mg/dL)	184.9 ± 112.9	130.3 ± 90.2	0.02
LDL-C (mg/dL)	114.7 ± 35.7	114.6 ± 23.5	NS
HDL-C (mg/dL)	38.5 ± 11.4	46.2 ± 8.7	0.012
hsCRP (mg/dL)	1.6 ± 2.2	0.3 ± 0.3	0.002
Erythropoietin dose (U/week)	4620 ± 4457
Apelin (ng/mL)	0.53 ± 0.20	0.35 ± 0.11	<0.0001

Notes: BMI, body mass index; CAPD, contunious ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; BP, blood pressure; PTH, parathormon; hsCRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein.

Table 2. Echocardiographic and carotid doppler ultrasonographic features in CAPD patients and control subjects.

Carotis Doppler USG and Echocardiographic findings	Patient group	Control group	p-Value
Left CIMT (mm)	0.79 ± 0.20	0.65 ± 0.14	0.004
Right CIMT (mm)	0.78 ± 0.20	0.62 ± 0.11	0.001
Carotid arteriel plaque, n (%)	6 (%12)	3 (%16)	NS
EF (%)	60.7 ± 5.5	65.1 ± 2.3	<0.001
LVEDD (cm)	4.7 ± 0.5	4.3 ± 0.3	0.005
LVESD (cm)	3.0 ± 0.4	2.8 ± 0.2	0.019
LVMI (g/m^2)	134.4 ± 40.6	69.8 ± 15.5	<0.001
LVH	32 (%64)	0 (%0)	<0.001

Notes: USG, ultrasonography; CIMT, carotid intima media thickness; EF, ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricle end diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricle end systolic diameter; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.

Table 3. Correlation between somatometric findings, dialysis adequacy and apelin level in CAPD patients.

Patient group	Apelin ng/mL
	r	p
Age	−0.03	0.81
Waist circumference	−0.12	0.40
Waist to hip ratio	−0.01	0.98
Duration of dialysis	−0.03	0.81
Systolic BP	−0.01	0.94
Diastolic BP	−0.08	0.54
Mean BP	−0.19	0.16
BMI	−0.09	0.50
UF amount	0.13	0.36
Kt/V	−0.07	0.61
Creatinine clearence	0.03	0.83
Dose of erythropoietin	0.03	0.78

Notes: BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; UF, ultrafiltration.

Table 4. Correlation between laboratory results and serum apelin level in the patient group.

Patient group	Apelin ng/mL
	r	p
Glucose	−0.14	0.30
Creatinine	0.02	0.85
Albumin	−0.09	0.53
Hemoglobin	−0.06	0.63
Iron	0.12	0.39
Iron binding capacity	−0.03	0.83
Ferritin	0.05	0.68
ESR	0.04	0.76
hsCRP	0.27	0.056
Ca	−0.14	0.33
P	−0.03	0.79
CaxP	−0.06	0.66
Uric acid	−0.15	0.28
PTH	0.19	0.16
HDL-Cholesterol	0.09	0.51
LDL-Cholesterol	0.02	0.84
Triglyceride	0.05	0.71

Notes: ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; hsCRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; PTH, parathormon.

Table 5. Correlation between carotid Doppler ultrasound and echocardiographic findings and apelin level in the patient group.

Patient group	Apelin ng/mL
	r	p
Right CIMT	−0.01	0.96
Left CIMT	0.04	0.75
EF	0.01	0.90
LVESD	0.10	0.48
LVEDD	0.07	0.58
LVMI	0.04	0.74

Notes: CIMT, carotid intima media thickness; EF, ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricle end systolic diameter; LVEDD, left ventricle end diastolic diameter; LVMI, left ventricular mass index.

Table 6. According to apelin groups of patient LVMI and CRP levels.

Patient group	Apelin > 0.50 ng/mL (n = 26)	Apelin < 0.50 ng/mL (n = 24)	p
LVMI	139.0 ± 45.3	130.3 ± 34.3	0.45
hsCRP	2.1 ± 2.9	1.0 ± 0.9	0.08

Notes: LVMI, left ventricular mass index; hsCRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein.

Table 7. Serum apelin level in patients with high or low BMI in the patient group.

Patient group	Apelin (ng/mL)	p
High BMI (n: 24)	0.57 ± 0.21	0.10
Low BMI (n: 26)	0.48 ± 0.16

Note: BMI, body mass index.