Dexmedetomidine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: assessment by means of NGAL and histology

Figures & data

Table 1. Severity score of tubular cells damage and necrosis.

Grade	Type	Tubular necrosis (%)
0	No damage	Absent
1	Mild	<10%
2	Moderate	10 a 25%
3	Moderate to severe	25 a 50%
4	Severe	50 a 75%
5	Severe to very severe	>75%

Note: Adapted from Park et al., 2008.29

Figure 1. Average of the temperature per group and time-point (p = 0.21).

Table 2. Median and (25–75%) percentiles values of the mean arterial pressure (MAP) (mmHg) per group and time-point.

		Time-points
Group	T0^a	T1^a	T2^a	T3^a	p
C^b	101.0 (79.0–110.0)	97.5 (91.0–100.0)	80.5 (63.0–91.0)	87.5 (72.0–94.3)	0.02
D^b	80.5 (76.0–95.0)	66.5 (52.5–73.0)	52.0 (48.0–56.0)	56.0 (49.5–63.5)	<0.001
S^b	103.5 (88.5–111.0)	86.0 (77.0–99.0)	86.0 (74.0–95.5)	90.5 (75.0–100.5)	0.25
SD^b	100.5 (90.0–107.5)	67.5 (61.5–83.0)	69.0 (61.5–71.5)	68.5 (61.5–70.5)	0.006
p	0.18	0.004	<0.001	<0.001

Notes: C, control; D, dexmedetomidine; S, sham; SD, sham and dexmedetomidine.

T0: at monitoring. T1: at venoclysis. T2: 30 min after renal clamping. T3: 30 min after renal reperfusion. T4: following a 12-h period. p: p-value.

^aKruskal–Wallis analysis of variance – Dunn post-hoc test. Median (25–75% percentiles).

^bFriedman test.

Table 3. Median and (25–75%) percentiles values of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) (ng/mL) per group and time-point.

		Time-points
Group	T1^a	T2^a	T3^a	T4^a	p
C^b	10.8 (2.4–11.9)	11.7 (10.6–15.1)	13.9 (10.8–16.4)	400 (288.6–400)	0.024
D^b	48.8 (38.4–66.1)	81.5 (42.2–95.9)	60.1 (42.0–91.1)	398.3 (381.4–398.5)	<0.001
S^b	13.3 (10.5–14.8)	10.5 (10.2–12.4)	8.9 (7.4–11.9)	127.3 (25.5–173.3)	0.01
SD^b	29.4 (0.0–71.4)	29.3 (5.5–73.50)	31.6 (8.9–68.6)	167.3 (164.7–177.6)	0.003
p	0.007	0.001	0.002	0.001

Notes: C, control; D, dexmedetomidine; S, sham; SD, sham and dexmedetomidine.

T0: at monitoring. T1: at venoclysis. T2: 30 min after renal clamping. T3: 30 min after renal reperfusion. T4: following a 12-h period. p: p-value.

^aKruskal–Wallis analysis of variance – Dunn post-hoc test. Median (25–75% percentiles).

^bFriedman test.

Figure 2. (A) A left kidney section (H&E) in S group with a grade 0 severity score (no tubular cell damage). (B) A left kidney section (H&E) in C group with a grade 3 severity score (moderate to severe damage with 25–50% of tubular necrosis). Arrows from left to right: pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis. Images increased by 400×.

Table 4. Kidney histology.

	Kidney
Groups	Left (LK)^a	Right (RK)^a	p
C^b	3 (2–3.75)	0 (0–0)	0.004
D^b	3 (1–3.75)	0 (0–0)	0.002
S^b	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	–
SD^b	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	–
P	0.0001	0.39

Notes: C, control; D, dexmedetomidine; S, sham; SD, sham and dexmedetomidine. p: p-value. Tubular necrosis score per group shown as median and (25–75%) percentiles values.

^aKruskal–Wallis analysis of variance – Dunn post-hoc test. Median (25–75% percentiles).

^bMann–Whitney test.

Walker E, Hernandez AV, Kattan MW. Meta-analysis: Its strengths and limitations. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008;75:431–439

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