GAS6 intron 8 c.834 + 7G > A gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy

Figures & data

Figure 1. Genotyping for the GAS6 gene polymorphism. Representative gel showing the genotype for GAS6 834 + 7G/A. The first lane is for 100 bp DNA ladder.

Table 1. Demographics and routine laboratory tests in two groups.

Independent variables	Diabetic nephropathy group	Control group	Normal range	p Value	Type of distribution
Age (years)	59.06 ± 10.14	56.50 ± 10.1		0.125	ND
BMI (kg/m^2)	32.08 ± 6.01	30.88 ± 5.40	19–25	0.217	ND
White blood cell × 10^9/L	9.020 ± 2.518	6.693 ± 1.617	3.8–10.0	<0.001	ND
Hemoglobin (g/L)	125.2 ± 20.7	134.8 ± 14.7	130–175	0.002	ND
Hematocrit (%)	38.30 ± 5.63	40.78 ± 3.96	40–52	0.008	ND
Platelet × 10^9 /L	275.333 ± 81.017	240.020 ± 56.577	150.0–400.0	0.008	ND
FT4 (pmol/L)	14.77 ± 1.40	14.61 ± 1.24	10–18.7	0.541	ND
Total protein (g/L)	72.1 ± 6.5	71.1 ± 3.8	60–80	0.312	ND
Urea (mmol/L)	17.55 ± 10.69	7.28 ± 2.64	2.9–8.2	<0.001	ND
	Median-Min-Max
Blood pressure systolic (mmHg)	130–110–200	120–100–150	<135	<0.001	NND
Blood pressure diastolic (mmHg)	80–55–110	70–50–90	<85	<0.001	NND
Creatinine (µmol/L)	88.4–35.4–521.6	70.7–44.2–122.0	<91.50	<0.001	NND
CRP (nmol/L)	6.7–0.0–197.2	1.9–0.0–148.2	0–4.57	<0.001	NND
TSH (mIU/L)	1.78–0.40–7.60	2.43–0.43–7.70	0.63–4.82	0.068	NND
Glucose (mmol/L)	8.77–4.83–22.26	5.44–4.38–6.11	3.9–5.55	<0.001	NND
HbA1C (%)	7.5–5.30–13.2	5.6–5.1–6.2	4.5–5.7	<0.001	NND
Albumin (g/L)	44–26–51	45–40–52	35–50	0.251	NND
AST (IU/L)	19–9–53	22–14–58	10–30	0.983	NND
ALT (IU/L)	18–2–71	19.5–10–135	10–40	0.282	NND
Urine albumin-creatinine ratio (mg/g creatinine)	706–327–5973	7.16–0.15–23	<30	<0.001	NND

Note: ND: Normal distribution; NND: Non-normal distribution.

Table 2. Frequency of hypertension and antihypertensive drugs, which patients used regularly between two groups.

Variables	Diabetic nephropathy group of 87 patients, no. (%)	Control group of 66 patients, no. (%)	p Value
Hypertension	74 (85.1)	14 (21.2)	<0.001
Dihydropyridine calcium  antagonist	15 (17.2)	2 (3)	0.006
Non-dihydropyridine  calcium antagonist	15 (17.2)	2 (3)	0.006
ACE inhibitor	25 (28.7)	8 (12.1)	0.013
Angiotensin receptor blocker	22 (2.5)	1 (1.5)	<0.001
Beta blocker	22 (2.5)	2 (3)	<0.001
Alpha blocker	12 (13.8)	0 (0)	0.002
Thiazide	39 (44.8)	9 (13.6)	<0.001
Furosemide	33 (37.9)	0 (0)	<0.001

Table 3. Frequency of GAS6 intron 8 c.834 + 7G > A gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy and control groups.

GAS6 intron 8 c.834G > A polymorphism	Diabetic nephropathy group of 87 patients n (%)	Control group of 66 subject n (%)	p Value
GG genotype	41 (47.1%)	30 (45.5%)	0.837
GA genotype	34 (39.1%)	30 (45.4%)
AA genotype	12 (13.8%)	6 (9.1%)
GA or AA genotype	46 (52.9%)	36 (54.5%)	0.579
GG genotype	41 (47.1%)	30 (45.5%)

Table 4. Frequency of GAS6 intron 8 c.734 + 7G > A gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy patients with diabetic retinopathy and without retinopathy.

Genotypes	Patients with diabetic nephropathy, and with diabetic retinopathy 47 patient N (%)	Patients with diabetic nephropathy, but without diabetic retinopathy 40 patients N (%)	p Value
AA	4 (8.5)	8 (20)	0.011
GA	25 (53.2)	9 (22.5)
GG	18 (38.3)	23 (57.5)