Prevalence of sleep disorders among ESRD patients

Figures & data

Figure 1. Correlation between cr.clearance and sleep efficiency in all the groups.

Figure 2. Correlation between cr.clearance and total sleep time in all the groups.

Figure 3. Correlation between albumin and total sleep time in all the groups.

Figure 4. Correlation between hemoglobin and total sleep time in all the groups.

Table 1. Demographic features for group I and II and III.

Parameter	Group (I)	Group (II)	Group (III)
Number of participants	30	30	30
Etiology of renal failure
Diabetes	13	10	–
Hypertension	8	9	–
Glomerulonephritis	5	5	–
Other	6	6	–
Normal individuals	–	–	30
Age (years)	43.7 ± 11.6	46.5 ± 9	43 ± 12
Male/female	13/17	14/16	18/12
Marital status
Married	17	20	24
Divorced	3	1	–
Single	10	9	6
Months of H.D	36.4 ± 27.8	None	None

Table 2. Laboratory characteristics for all the studied groups.

	Group I	Group II	Group III	ANOVA
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	F	p
Cr. Clear.	7.87 ± 1.475	24.582 ± 7.42	103.65 ± 13.572	975.15	<0.0001
Cholest.	151.7 ± 49.88	165.07 ± 28.1	176.47 ± 19.004	3.777	0.0267
TG	138.57 ± 56.92	112.90 ± 41.1	127.03 ± 26.158	2.636	0.0774
HDL	55.96 ± 10.67	43.200 ± 5.09	60.900 ± 9.974	31.377	<0.0001
LDL	93.20 ± 8.91	97.530 ± 22.81	99.367 ± 20.094	0.8987	0.4108
Hb	10.3 ± 1.1	11.363 ± 1.31	13.733 ± 1.232	59.985	<0.0001
Urea	144.57 ± 31.95	145.83 ± 38.35	29.533 ± 3.893	160.12	<0.0001
Creat	9.56 ± 2.1	3.460 ± 0.997	0.9833 ± 0.1440	314.19	<0.0001
Alb	2.62 ± 0.23	3.007 ± 0.228	4.003 ± 0.2205	289.27	<0.0001
Ca	9.66 ± 1.26	8.023 ± 0.688	9.073 ± 1.710	12.359	<0.0001
Phosphorus	5.51 ± 1.44	5.593 ± 0.64	3.947 ± 0.4281	28.925	<0.0001
Na	145.7 ± 3.3	141.07 ± 3.4	140.67 ± 3.565	20.188	<0.0001
K	4.7 ± 0.38	4.497 ± 0.54	4.690 ± 0.4172	1.985	0.1435

Note: Cr. Clear.: creatinine clearance ml/min, Ca: Calcium mg/dl, K: Potassium mg/dl, Na: Sodium mg/dl, HDL: high-density lipoprotein mg/dL, LDL: low density lipoprotein mg/dL, Hb: hemoglobin g/dL, TG: triglyceride mg/dL, Alb: Albumin g/dL.

Table 3. Characteristics of polysomnographic sleep measures for the studied group.

	Group I	Group II	Group III	ANOVA
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	F	p
Total sleep time (min)	326.80 ± 69.949	340.00 ± 71.84	419.33 ± 38.04	19.602	<0.0001
Sleep latency (min)	51.267 ± 26.844	28.900 ± 14.73	14.500 ± 3.11	32.609	<0.0001
REM latency (min)	170.63 ± 103.69	128.30 ± 50.92	104.80 ± 10.199	7.449	<0.0010
% Stage 1	32.083 ± 17.629	19.433 ± 7.35	4.067 ± 0.82	48.468	<0.0001
% Stage 2	47.633 ± 13.353	49.800 ± 4.64	47.500 ± 1.8	0.7383	0.4809
% Slow wave sleep	30.600 ± 12.990	13.400 ± 5.3	22.567 ± 1.71	33.355	<0.0001
% NREM sleep	76.467 ± 12.555	79.233 ± 4.59	77.633 ± 1.73	0.9555	0.3886
% REM sleep	25.000 ± 9.837	18.967 ± 4.09	22.667 ± 1.72	7.148	<0.0013
Sleep efficiency (%)	76.433 ± 13.281	75.767 ± 10.46	94.000 ± 2.435	32.974	<0.0001
Wake after sleep onset (%)	28.147 ± 13.241	29.367 ± 14.91	1.067 ± 0.827	57.804	<0.0001
Brief arousal index (events/h)	43.100 ± 18.170	9.933 ± 3.21	2.567 ± 1.79	122.07	<0.0001
Respiratory disturbance index (events/h)	29.993 ± 24.031	5.400 ± 2.58	2.733 ± 1.78	34.607	<0.0001
RDI in REM (total no.)	16.233 ± 7.623	9.133 ± 6.033	2.667 ± 1.72	42.505	<0.0001
RDI in NREM (total no.)	38.900	5.233 ± 2.99	2.833 ± 1.70	76.535	<0.0001
Baseline O2 saturation	93.700 ± 2.588	94.567 ± 1.135	96.333 ± 1.66	15.051	<0.0001
Lowest O2 saturation	83.167 ± 7.120	81.633 ± 7.299	92.000 ± 1.59	26.452	<0.0001
Desaturation index	10.067 ± 5.878	6.367 ± 5.116	4.833 ± 0.83	10.607	<0.0001
Periodic limb movement index (events/h)	38.067 ± 21.850	9.467 ± 5.975	2.867 ± 1.54	61.117	<0.0001

Note: T.s.T: Total sleep time (min), S.l: sleep latency (min), REM: rapid eye movement sleep latency (min), S.1:Stage 1, S.: Stage 2, SWS: slow wave sleep, S.E: sleep efficiency, WASO: wake after sleep onset, BAI: brief arousal index (events/h), RDI: respiratory disturbance index (events/h), RR: RDI in REM (total no.), RN: RDI in NREM (total no.), B.S: baseline O₂ saturation, L.S: lowest O₂ saturation, D.I: desaturation index, PLM: periodic limb movement index (events/h), NREM: non-rapid eye movement sleep.

Table 4. Correlation coefficient between total sleep time (min), sleep efficiency and periodic limb movement index with laboratory findings in all the studied groups.

	Total sleep time (min)		Sleep efficiency		Brief arousal index (events/h)		Periodic limb movement index (events/h)
	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p
Creatinine clearance	0.561**	0.000	0.635**	0.000	−0.636**	.000	−0.562**	0.000
Cholesterol	0.244*	0.021	0.114	0.284	−0.141	0.185	−0.368**	0.000
Triglycerides	0.006	0.958	0.101	0.346	0.160	0.133	0.032	0.762
HDL	0.249*	0.018	0.387**	0.000	0.079	0.457	0.016	0.882
LDL	−0.050	0.639	0.047	0.659	−0.099	0.352	−0.026	0.810
Hb	0.532**	0.000	0.372**	0.000	−0.544**	0.000	−0.509**	0.000
Urea	−0.482**	0.000	−0.596**	0.000	0.436**	0.000	0.367**	0.000
S. creatinine	−0.418**	0.000	−0.472**	0.000	0.815**	0.000	0.733**	0.000
S. Albumin	0.523**	0.000	0.580**	0.000	−0.661**	0.000	−0.581**	0.000
S. Calcium	0.069	0.519	0.033	0.760	0.207	0.051	0.196	0.064
S. Phosphorus	−0.399**	0.000	−0.413**	0.000	0.367**	0.000	0.385**	0.000
Na	−0.172	0.105	−0.158	0.137	0.444**	0.000	0.499**	0.000
K	0.179	0.092	0.060	0.575	0.142	0.183	0.062	0.563

Notes: *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (significant).

**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (highly significant).