Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion study of a furostanol glycoside-based standardized fenugreek seed extract in rats

Figures & data

Figure 1. HPLC chromatogram showing the composition of SFSE-G with structures of peak (A) trigoneoside Ib (RT = 2.2 min) and peak (B) vicenin 1 (RT = 3.2 min).

Figure 2. Concentration versus residual plot of SFSE-G.

Table 1. Linear regression data for the calibration curves (n = 6).

Parameters	SFSE-G
Linearity range (µg/mL)	100–600
R^2	0.996
Slope	1.301
Intercept	−31.26
Confidence limit of slope^a	1.154–1.449
Confidence limit of intercept^a	−93.87 to 31.33
Syx^b	14.66
LLOD	37.185 µg/mL
LLOQ	112.68 µg/mL

Notes: ^a95% confidence limit.

^bStandard deviation of residuals from line.

Table 2. Intra- and inter-day precision of the HPLC method, recovery and robustness study for SFSE-G.

			Concentration obtained^a		Precision obtained (%RSD)
Standard drug	Nominal concentration^a		Intra-day	Inter-day	Intra-day	Inter-day
Trigoneoside Ib	200.00		231.60	233.32	1.74	0.89
	400.00		510.81	510.97	0.36	0.32
	600.00		745.29	551.83	0.59	0.23
Amount taken^a (%)	Amount added^a	Total^a	Amount found^a	SD	%Recovery	%RSD
200 (80)	160	360	359.87	3.34	99.96	0.92
200 (100)	200	400	400.63	6.25	100.15	1.56
200 (120)	240	440	441.88	5.41	100.42	1.22
Parameter				SFSE-G (600 µg/mL)
				SD of concentration found		%RSD
Mobile phase (acetonitrile) composition (±1%)				3.44		0.87
Elution flow rate (±0.1 mL/min)				6.64		1.66
Detection wavelength (±2 nm)				5.29		1.32

Notes: RSD is relative standard deviation; SD is a standard deviation (n = 6).

^aConcentration in µg/mL.

Figure 3. UV spectrum of SFSE-G showed the λ_max at 210 nm.

Figure 4. Representative chromatograms of blank plasma (A); plasma spiked with SFSE-G (B); plasma sample at 0 h before administration of SFSE-G (C) and plasma sample after 72 h of SFSE-G administration at a single oral dose of 200 mg/kg (D).

Figure 5. Representative chromatograms of blank tissue homogenate (A); lung tissue homogenate after administration of SFSE-G at a single dose of 200 mg/kg (B) and brain tissue homogenate after administration of SFSE-G at a single dose of 200 mg/kg (C).

Figure 6. Mean plasma concentration–time profiles of SFSE-G in rats after receiving a single oral dose at a concentration of 200 mg/kg (A), cumulative urinary excretion of SFSE-G in rats after receiving a single oral dose at a concentration of 200 mg/kg (B) and cumulative fecal excretion of SFSE-G in rats after receiving a single oral dose at a concentration of 200 mg/kg (C).

Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters for SFSE-G in rats after receiving a single oral dose at a concentration of 200 mg/kg.

Parameters	Units	Values
AUCall(CObs)	(h) (µg)	0.1775
Cmax	µg/mL	3.030
Tmax	h	72
t1/2	h	40.10
AUClast	(h) (µg/mL)	0.177
AUMClast	(h)^2 (µg/mL)	9.538
Rsmooth		0.6491
Raccurate		0.2004
R^2		0.9961
MRT	h	53.71

Notes: AUC is an area under curve; AUMC is area under the first moment curve; t_1/2, terminal half-life; MRT is mean residence time.

Table 4. Concentration of SFSE-G in rat various tissues after receiving a single oral dose at a concentration of 200 mg/kg.

Organs	Availability (µg)	% Distribution
Brain	5.75 ± 0.005	0.014
Kidney	nd	–
Liver	nd	–
Lungs	18.02 ± 4.28	0.044
Small Intestine	nd	–
Adrenal gland	nd	–

Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M (n = 3). nd, not detectable.