Heparin calcium treated Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis in children through inhibiting hyperfibrinolysis

Figures & data

Table1. Baseline patient characteristics in 89 children with severe HPSN.

	Control group	Treatment group	χ^2 or t Value	p-Value
Number of cases	45	44
Male/female	29/16	25/19	0.54	0.46
Age (year-old)	8.46 ± 2.61	7.94 ± 2.90	0.78	0.29
Course (months)	6.77 ± 1.89	7.12 ± 2.45	0.61	0.17
ISKDC pathological type
Grade I	2	3	4.91	0.43
Grade II	22	23
Grade III	14	15
Grade IV	4	2
Grade V	3	0
Grade VI	0	1
Clinical classification
Simple hematuria	3	2	1.54	0.67
Hemoglobinuria	26	27
Acute nephritis	1	3
Nephritic syndrome	15	12
Serum albumin (g/L)	33.14 ± 5.93	32.76 ± 5.68	0.17	0.69
Gross haematuria (N (%))	15 (33.33%)	14 (31.81%)	0.02	0.88
Scr (μmol/L)	33.04 ± 12.06	31.69 ± 10.85	0.45	0.36

Figure 1. Levels of urine and 24 h proteinuria in both the groups before and after the treatment.

Table 2. Comparisons of outcome of HSPN in the control and treatment groups.

Outcomes	Control	Treatment	χ^2 or t Value	p-Value
Clinical outcomes of HSPN, n (%)
Excellence	14 (31.11)	20 (45.45)	1.94	0.16
Improvement	17 (37.78)	19 (43.18)	0.27	0.60
Failure	14 (31.11)	5 (11.36)	5.17	0.02
Total effectiveness number	31 (68.89)	39 (88.64)	–	–
Outcome of proteinuria, n (%)
Excellence	17 (37.78)	30 (68.18)	8.25	<0.01
Improvement	25 (55.56)	14 (31.82)	5.09	0.02
Failure	3 (6.67)	0 (0)	3.04	0.08
Total effectiveness number	42 (93.33)	44 (100)	–	–
Outcome of hematuresis, n (%)
Excellence	14 (31.11)	21 (47.73)	2.57	0.11
Improvement	20 (44.44)	19 (43.18)	0.01	0.90
Failure	11 (24.45)	4 (9.09)	3.74	0.05
Total effectiveness number	35 (77.78)	40 (90.91)	–	–

Table 3. Adverse reaction and concentration of plasma Fg, d-dimer and FDP before and after the treatment.

Index	Time	Control group	Treatment group	Test statistics	p-Value
Fg (g/L)	Baseline	2.88 ± 0.52	2.90 ± 0.48	−0.16	>0.05
	8 weeks	2.41 ± 0.61	2.07 ± 0.53	2.74	<0.01
Baseline versus 8 weeks test statistics		4.02	7.71	–	–
	p-Value	<0.01	<0.01	–	–
d-dimer (mg/L)	Baseline	1.13 ± 0.53	1.16 ± 0.59	−0.24	>0.05
	8 weeks	0.68 ± 0.30	0.50 ± 0.22	3.38	<0.01
Baseline versus 8 weeks test statistics		4.89	6.98	–	–
	p-Value	<0.01	<0.01	–	–
FDP (mg/L)	Baseline	1.50 ± 0.79	1.52 ± 0.72	−0.12	0.90
	8 weeks	1.18 ± 0.43	0.99 ± 0.41	2.16	0.03
Baseline versus 8 weeks test statistics		2.36	4.26	–	–
	p-Value	0.02	<0.01	–	–
PT (s)	Baseline	11.89 ± 3.61	12.02 ± 3.84	−0.29	>0.05
	8 weeks	12.07 ± 4.13	12.26 ± 4.30	−0.21	>0.05
Baseline versus 8 weeks test statistics		−0.31	−0.42	–	–
	p-Value	>0.05	>0.05	–	–
APTT (s)	Baseline	37.22 ± 2.93	37.64 ± 3.08	−0.32	>0.05
	8 weeks	37.17 ± 3.71	38.12 ± 4.05	−0.45	>0.05
Baseline versus 8 weeks test statistics		−0.22	−0.30	–	–
	p-Value	>0.05	>0.05	–	–
PLT (×10^9/L)	Baseline	272.09 ± 73.24	271.98 ± 71.08	−0.13	>0.05
	8 weeks	256.83 ± 68.92	252.06 ± 67.37	−0.18	>0.05
Baseline versus 8 weeks test statistics		−0.69	−0.72	–	–
	p-Value	>0.05	>0.05	–	–