Left ventricular remodeling and arterial remodeling in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 1–3

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the studied groups of patients with CKD1–CKD3 and the control group.

Parameter	Control (C) (n = 30)	CKD1 (n = 30)	CKD2 (n = 33)	CKD3 (n = 27)	ANOVA p
Gender women/men	19/11	14/16	16/17	11/16
Age (years)	54 ± 11	50 ± 11	57 ± 111	63 ± 72^,3	<0.05
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.8 ± 3.1	26.5 ± 4.0	27.4 ± 4.073	27.8 ± 4.03	<0.05
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.99 ± 1.55	5.35 ± 1·29	4.92 ± 1·07	5.02 ± 1·37	NS
HDL fraction cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.41 ± 0.41	1.26 ± 0·37	1·33 ± 0·35	1.19 ± 0·36	NS
LDL fraction cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.92 ± 0.96	3.12 ± 0·99	2.71 ± 0·86	2.63 ± 0·99	NS
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.13 ± 0.46	1.57 ± 0·85	1.42 ± 0·60	1.71 ± 0·714	<0.05
Creatinine (µmol/L)	67.18 ± 17.68	66.30 ± 15·03	87·52 ± 14·142^,4	129·95 ± 25·644^,5^,6	<0.0001
Uric acid (µmol/L)	253.4 ± 79.7	274.2 ± 61.3	348.5 ± 92·24^,5	397.9 ± 98·72^,4	<0.0001
eGFR CKD-EPI (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	100.92 ± 23.57	101.42 ± 9.45	74.47 ± 8.982^,4	46.36 ± 8.072^,4^,7	<0.001
Hemoglobin (mmol/L)	8.63 ± 0.80	9·07 ± 0.93	8·71 ± 1.27	8·50 ± 0.91	NS
CRP (mg/L)	2.57 ± 5.12	1.36 ± 2.34	2.80 ± 3.585	3.38 ± 5.76	<0.05
SBP ABPM (mmHg)	123 ± 10	124 ± 11	125 ± 13	131 ± 16	NS
DBP ABPM (mmHg)	74 ± 5	75 ± 8	75 ± 8	77 ± 9	NS
MAP ABPM (mmHg)	91 ± 6	91 ± 9	90 ± 10	95 ± 11	NS
PP ABPM (mmHg)	49 ± 7	48 ± 6	50 ± 8	54 ± 12	NS
SBP (mmHg)	132 ± 15	136 ± 14	135 ± 14	141 ± 16	NS
DBP (mmHg)	80 ± 9	86 ± 9	83 ± 10	84 ± 6	NS
MAP (mmHg)	98 ± 9	103 ± 10	100 ± 9	103 ± 8	NS
PP (mmHg)	52 ± 13	50 ± 9	51 ± 13	58 ± 15	NS
IVSd (cm)	0.88 ± 0.16	1.04 ± 0.213	1.05 ± 0.204	1.17 ± 0.214	<0.001
LVIDd (cm)	4.81 ± 0.49	5.03 ± 0.50	4.94 ± 0.44	4.95 ± 0.56	NS
PWd (cm)	0.88 ± 0.15	0.98 ± 0.17	1.01 ± 0.173	1.10 ± 0.151^,4	<0.001
LVIDs (cm)	3.22 ± 0.41	3.32 ± 0.41	3.18 ± 0.43	3.42 ± 0.54	NS
EF (%)	65 ± 6	65 ± 5	64 ± 8	62 ± 10	NS
RWT (cm)	0.37 ± 0.08	0.39 ± 0.07	0.41 ± 0.08	0.45 ± 0.061^,8	<0.05
LVM (g)	150.9 ± 39.3	194.42 ± 59.713	193.32 ± 52.143	222.95 ± 71.344	<0.001
LVMI (g/m^2)	82.6 ± 17.8	99.2 ± 25.13	98.59 ± 20.663	113.14 ± 30.554	<0.001
IMT (mm)	0·63 ± 0.13	0·59 ± 0.13	0.67 ± 0.13	0.72 ± 0.135	<0.05
PWV (m/s)	8.58 ± 1.63	8.66 ± 2.00	9.18 ± 2.09	10.03 ± 2.393	<0.05

Table 2. Results of multiple analysis with interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVSd) as a dependent variable (Model 1) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) as a dependent variable (Model 2) in patients with CKD1–3.

	Beta	Beta standard error	p
Model 1
R = 0.64; R^2 = 0.41; Adjusted R^2 = 0.38
F = 13.95; p = 0.0000
BMI	0.33	0.09	0.0004
Number of antihypertensive drugs	0.26	0.09	0.008
eGFR CKD-EPI	−0.27	0.09	0.005
Hemoglobin	0.24	0.09	0.008
Model 2
R = 0.54; R^2 = 0.29; Adjusted R^2 = 0.27
F = 11.63; p = 0.0000
Number of antihypertensive drugs	0.38	0.10	0.0002
Hemoglobin	0.25	0.09	0.009
SBP ABPM	0.20	0.10	0.037

Table 3. Duration of hypertension and antihypertensive therapies and statin therapy in groups of patients with CKD1–3.

	CKD1 (n = 30)	CKD2 (n = 33)	CKD3 (n = 27)	Test chi-square
Duration of hypertension median (range)	Median 3 (range: 0–30)	Median 10.5 (range: 0–35)	Median 15 (range: 0–35)1^,2	<0.001
ACEI n (%)	12 (40.0%	14 (42.4)	17 (63.0%)	NS
ARB n (%)	5 (14.3%)	6 (18.2%)	4 (14.8%)	NS
Calcium antagonists n (%)	6 (20.0%)	13 (39.4%)	15 (55.6%)	<0.05
Beta blocker n (%)	4 (13.3%)	15 (45.5%)	11 (44.7%)	<0.05
Diuretic n (%)	4 (13.3%)	9 (27.3%)	8 (30.0%)	NS
Other medication for high blood pressure n (%)	0 (0%)	4 (12.1%)	6 (22.2%)	<0.05
Statin n (%)	5 (16.7%)	11 (33.3%)	11 (40.7%)	NS

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