Placental growth factor and placental protein 13 in patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy, a worldwide disease

Figures & data

Table 1. Statistical difference between the distribution of parameters in investigated groups.

Variables	BEN	Control group	p
Male	17 (56.7%)	11 (61.1%)	0.866
Female	13 (43.3%)	7 (38.9%)
Age, yrs	74 (53–87)	73 (66–83)	0.411
SCr, μmol/L	129.7 (67.6–187.1)	83.2 (67.8–107.4)	0.001
GFR, ml/min	40.7 (9.4–96.0)	64.6 (45.9–99.9)	0.004
UP, mg/mmol Creat.	15.49 (3.25–462.4)	11.62 (1.93–26.39)	0.001
UA, mg/mmol Creat.	1,73 (0.18–257.0)	0.98 (0.08–51.2)	0.045
HGB, g/L	11.8 ± 1.8	13.5 ± 1.4	0.003
SGlucose, mmol/L	4.80 (3.54–6.60)	5.10 (4.20–8.12)	0.033
SPlGF, pg/ml	9.90 (0.63–37.37)	6.80 (0.75–34.94)	0.050
SPP13, pg/ml	208.2 ± 114.0	291.0 ± 57.2	0.022
UPlGF, pg/ml	2.30 (0.075–98.70)	9.55 (0.075–32.74)	0.005
UPP13, pg/ml	575.7 (0.75–3024.0)	1959.0 (0.75–3439.5)	0.001
UPlGF, pg/mmol  Creat.	0.20 (0.075–15.10)	0.90 (0.75–2.09)	0.003
UPP 13, pg/mmol  Creat.	32.50 (0.75–324.4)	182.5 (075–381.2)	0.001

Notes: SCr – Serum creatinine; GFR – Glomerular filtration rate; UP – Urine protein; UA – Urine albumin; HGB – Hemoglobin; SPlGF – Serum Placenta Growth Factor; SPP13 – Serum Placenta Protein 13; UPlGF – Urine Placenta Growth Factor; UPP 13 – Urine Placenta Protein 13.

Table 2. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for statistical dependence between serum/urine PlGF and PP 13, and clinical-biochemical parameters tested in patients with BEN and control healthy subjects.

Groups	Variable	SPlGF, pg/ml	SPP13, pg/ml	UPlGF, pg/ml	UPP13, pg/ml
BEN	Sex	−0.212	−0.127	−0.071	0.487**
	Age	0.408*	−0.190	0.154	−0.414*
	SCr	0.139	−0.258	0.066	−0.687**
	CCr	−0.070	−0.258	0.016	0.686**
	UP	−0.10	−0.345	0.219	−0.734**
	UA	−0.019	−0.335	−0.018	−0.479**
	HGB	0.098	0.472*	−0.156	0.494**
	SPlGF, pg/ml		−0.003	−0.009	0.027
	SPP13, pg/ml			−0.071	0.244
	UPlGF, pg/ml				−0.310
Control	Sex	−0.269	−0.220	−0.297	0.319
	Age	−0.255	0.041	−0.149	0.117
	SCr	0.519**	−0.574**	−0.282	−0.679**
	CCr	0.187	0.284	0.436	−0.293
	UP	−0.126	0.346	0.178	0.185
	UA	−0.115	−0.121	0.0217	−0.007
	HGB	0.075	0.402	0.402	−0.062
	SPlGF, pg/ml		0.228	0.094	−0.183
	SPP13, pg/ml			0.323	0.314
	UPlGF, pg/ml				−0.183

Notes: SCr – Serum creatinine; GFR – Glomerular filtration rate; UP – Urine protein; UA – Urine albumin; HGB – Hemoglobin; SPlGF – Serum Placenta Growth Factor; SPP13 – Serum Placenta Protein 13; UPlGF – Urine Placenta Growth Factor.

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

Table 3. Multivariate regression analysis for estimating the relationships among serum and urine PlGF and PP 13, and clinical-biochemical variables.

		Multivariate regression
			95% CI for B
Dependent variable	Factor	B	Lower Bound	Upper Bound	p
SPlGF	Women	4.00	−3.62	11.62	0.291
	BEN group	8.40	0.14	11.65	0.046
	Age	0.58	0.03	1.14	0.040
	SCr	0.03	−0.05	0.11	0.420
	GFR	0.10	−0.13	0.33	0.370
	UP	0.00	−0.05	0.05	0.983
	UA	−0.18	−0.52	0.16	0.296
	HGB	0.96	−1.53	3.45	0.436
SPP13	Women	−24.22	−101.92	53.49	0.527
	BEN group	−20.89	−104.82	63.04	0.615
	Age	2.59	−3.11	8.29	0.360
	SCr	−0.75	−1.03	0.46	0.200
	GFR	0.72	−1.54	2.99	0.518
	UP	−0.20	−0.74	0.33	0.448
	UA	0.62	−2.85	4.10	0.717
	HGB	14.20	−11.24	39.64	0.263
UPlGF	Women	2.24	−5.26	9.73	0.548
	BEN group	−5.90	−14.06	2.26	0.151
	Age	0.39	−0.18	0.96	0.172
	SCr	−0.03	−0.10	0.04	0.406
	GFR	0.14	−0.08	0.37	0.204
	UP	0.37	0.32	0.42	0.001
	UA	−0.51	−0.85	−0.16	0.005
	HGB	0.30	−2.06	2.66	0.798
UPP13	Women	765.46	179.17	1351.75	0.012
	BEN group	−753.64	−1393.56	−113.73	0.022
	Age	−5.39	−70.45	59.66	0.867
	SCr	−3.10	−6.70	0.50	0.090
	GFR	−11.52	−37.03	13.99	0.365
	UP	2.62	−3.45	8.70	0.386
	UA	−16.59	−55.94	22.75	0.397
	HGB	69.94	−200.43	340.32	0.602

Notes: SCr – Serum creatinine; GFR – Glomerular filtration rate; UP – Urine protein; UA – Urine albumin; HGB – Hemoglobin; SPlGF – Serum Placenta Growth Factor; SPP13 – Serum Placenta Protein 13; UPlGF – Urine Placenta Growth Factor; UPP 13 – Urine Placenta Protein 13.

Statistically significant values are shown in bold.