A retrospective analysis of kidney function and risk factors by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation in elderly Chinese patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study patients.

	All	Male	Female	t or χ^2	p
Numbers (%)	1062	721 (67.9)	341 (32.1)
Age (years)	79.6 ± 5.6	79.3 ± 5.7	80.1 ± 5.4	−2.109	0.035
65–69 (%)	59 (5.6)	49 (6.8)	10 (2.9)	9.009	0.109
70–74 (%)	128 (12.1)	88 (12.2)	40 (11.7)
75–79 (%)	325 (30.6)	220 (30.5)	105 (30.8)
80–84 (%)	351 (33.1)	239 (33.1)	112 (32.8)
85–89 (%)	168 (15.8)	107 (14.8)	61 (17.9)
90– (%)	31 (2.9)	18 (2.5)	13 (3.8)
Glucose (mmol/L)	5.4 ± 1.7	5.3 ± 1.6	5.5 ± 1.8	−1.265	0.206
HbA1c (%)	6.4 ± 1.2	6.4 ± 1.1	6.5 ± 1.4	−1.623	0.105
BUN (mmol/L)	6.4 ± 3.9	6.3 ± 3.3	6.6 ± 5.0	−0.945	0.345
SCr (μmol/L)	107.3 ± 86.0	109.5 ± 68.8	102.5 ± 114.0	1.037	0.300
Albumin (g/L)	33.3 ± 4.2	33.2 ± 4.3	33.5 ± 4.0	−1.070	0.285
Uric acid (μmol/L)	346.8 ± 110.2	359.0 ± 111.7	321.2 ± 102.5	5.272	0.000
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.2 ± 1.2	4.1 ± 1.1	4.4 ± 1.3	−3.634	0.000
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.2 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.8	−3.317	0.001
HDL-C (mg/L)	1.2 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.4	−3.998	0.000
LDL-C (mg/L)	2.4 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 0.9	2.5 ± 0.8	−1.273	0.203
Hemoglobin (g/L)	120.2 ± 17.7	123.1 ± 17.6	114.0 ± 16.1	8.055	0.000
eGFRCKD-EPI (ml/min/1.73m^2)	62.9 ± 20.5	63.2 ± 18.8	62.2 ± 23.5	0.690	0.491
90– (%)	50 (4.7)	28 (3.9)	22 (6.5)	20.265	0.001
60–89 (%)	580 (54.6)	403 (55.9)	177 (51.9)
45–59 (%)	230 (21.7)	167 (23.2)	63 (18.5)
30–44 (%)	129 (12.1)	84 (11.7)	45 (13.2)
15–29 (%)	45 (4.2)	29 (4.0)	16 (4.7)
<15 or dialysis (%)	28 (2.6)	10 (1.4)	18 (5.3)
EGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m^2 (%)	432 (40.7)	290 (40.2)	142 (41.6)	0.194	0.660

Notes: Expressed as numbers (%) or mean ± SD.

HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; SCr, serum creatinine; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimating glomerular filter rate.

Table 2. Commobidities of the study patients.

	All	Male	Female	χ^2	p
Proteinuria (%)	264 (24.9)	177 (24.5)	87 (25.5)	0.115	0.734
Hematuria (%)	77 (7.3)	28 (3.9)	49 (14.4)	37.854	0.000
Leucocyturia (%)	104 (9.8)	13 (1.8)	91 (26.7)	162.266	0.000
Hypertension (%)	852 (80.2)	575 (79.8)	277 (81.2)	0.320	0.571
Diabetes (%)	410 (38.6)	271 (37.6)	139 (40.8)	0.985	0.321
CHD (%)	388 (36.5)	277 (38.4)	111 (32.6)	3.437	0.064
Stroke (%)	266 (25.0)	191 (26.5)	75 (22.0)	2.494	0.114
PVD(%)	342 (32.2)	237 (32.9)	105 (30.8)	0.458	0.498
Hyperglycemia (%)	126 (11.9)	76 (10.5)	50 (14.7)	3.761	0.052
Hyperuremia (%)	337 (31.7)	219 (30.4)	118 (34.6)	1.912	0.167
Malignancy (%)	173 (16.3)	122 (16.9)	51 (15)	0.655	0.418
Anemia (%)	420 (39.5)	264 (36.6)	156 (45.7)	8.075	0.004
Urogenital tumor (%)	38 (3.6)	34 (4.7)	4 (1.2)	8.421	0.004
Renal calculi (%)	79 (7.4)	60 (8.3)	19 (5.6)	2.543	0111
Renal cyst (%)	193 (18.2)	136 (18.9)	57 (16.7)	0.718	0.397
Smoking history (%)	257 (24.2)	248 (34.4)	9 (2.6)	127.284	0.000

Notes: Expressed as numbers (%).

CHD, coronary heart disease; PVD, perivascular disease.

Figure 1. Estimating GFR from different age groups.

Figure 2. Incidence of decreased GFR in different age groups.

Figure 3. Incidence of decreased GFR in patients with normal serum creatinine.

Table 3. Risk factors of decreased GFR.

	All		Male		Female		65–79 years		80- years
Variables	OR (95%CI)	p	OR (95%CI)	p	OR (95%CI)	p	OR (95%CI)	p	OR (95%CI)	p
Female	1.03 (0.72, 1.47)	0.865					0.87 (0.50, 1.51)	0.618	1.21 (0.75, 1.95)	0.431
Age	1.09 (1.06, 1.12)	0.000	1.09 (1.05, 1.13)	0.000	1.09 (1.03, 1.15)	0.002	1.15 (1.06, 1.23)	0.000	1.07 (1.01, 1.14)	0.022
Proteinuria	2.77 (1.96, 3.91)	0.000	3.04 (1.98, 4.65)	0.000	2.19 (1.17, 4.10)	0.014	3.46 (1.96, 6.11)	0.000	2.67 (1.70, 4.20)	0.000
Hematuria	0.58 (0.32, 1.07)	0.080	0.74 (0.29, 1.89)	0.525	0.45 (0.20, 1.02)	0.055	0.34 (0.13, 0.88)	0.025	0.86 (0.37, 2.00)	0.723
Leucocyturia	1.24 (0.73, 2.10)	0.428	3.30 (0.84, 13.08)	0.089	1.02 (0.56, 1.87)	0.941	1.65 (0.67, 4.07)	0.273	1.03 (0.53, 1.99)	0.929
Hypertension	1.30 (0.89, 1.91)	0.170	1.25 (0.80, 1.97)	0.328	1.57 (0.75, 3.27)	0.229	1.49 (0.82, 2.71)	0.192	1.14 (0.68, 1.92)	0.610
Diabetes	0.91 (0.67, 1.23)	0.533	0.98 (0.68, 1.42)	0.927	0.75 (0.43, 1.29)	0.295	1.04 (0.65, 1.67)	0.859	0.81 (0.54, 1.21)	0.306
CHD	1.58 (1.17, 2.13)	0.003	1.61 (1.12, 2.31)	0.010	1.63 (0.93, 2.86)	0.087	2.00 (1.24, 3.20)	0.004	1.37 (0.93, 2.04)	0.115
Stroke	1.55 (1.12, 2.13)	0.008	1.17 (0.79, 1.73)	0.439	2.85 (1.55, 5.25)	0.001	1.05 (0.61, 1.79)	0.869	1.93 (1.26, 2.94)	0.002
PVD	0.95 (0.70, 1.29)	0.76	0.88 (0.60, 1.27)	0.488	1.11 (0.63, 1.95)	0.730	0.75 (0.45, 1.24)	0.258	1.14 (0.77, 1.71)	0.512
Hyperglycemia	0.73 (0.47, 1.16)	0.181	0.74 (0.41, 1.33)	0.321	0.74 (0.34, 1.60)	0.441	0.76 (0.39, 1.50)	0.430	0.72 (0.38, 1.34)	0.297
Hyperuremia	5.00 (3.67, 6.82)	0.000	5.49 (3.75, 8.03)	0.000	3.86 (2.19, 6.79)	0.000	5.15 (3.22, 8.23)	0.000	4.91 (3.20, 7.54)	0.000
Malignancy	0.80 (0.52, 1.25)	0.332	0.76 (0.44, 1.32)	0.335	1.18 (0.55, 2.52)	0.678	0.82 (0.42, 1.62)	0.570	0.75 (0.42, 1.37)	0.351
Anemia	1.76 (1.31, 2.37)	0.000	1.53 (1.06, 2.21)	0.022	2.57 (1.51, 4.39)	0.001	2.15 (1.35, 3.43)	0.001	1.52 (1.02, 2.25)	0.038
Urogenital tumor	2.59 (1.08, 6.21)	0.033	2.54 (0.98, 6.58)	0.055			1.73 (0.35, 8.66)	0.505	3.15 (1.07, 9.25)	0.037
Renal calculi	1.12 (0.65, 1.92)	0.689	0.89 (0.46, 1.71)	0.726	1.64 (0.57, 4.77)	0.362	1.03 (0.44, 2.41)	0.940	1.16 (0.55, 2.42)	0.697
Renal cyst	1.28 (0.88, 1.86)	0.196	1.46 (0.92, 2.30)	0.108	0.97 (0.48, 1.95)	0.935	0.98 (0.53, 1.82)	0.947	1.45 (0.89, 2.37)	0.139
Smoking history	1.27 (0.89, 1.80)	0.188	1.30 (0.91, 1.88)	0.153	0.37 (0.06, 2.21)	0.274	1.18 (0.70, 1.98)	0.532	1.40 (0.86, 2.28)	0.182

Notes: Expressed as odds ratio (95% CI).

CHD, coronary heart disease; PVD, perivascular disease.