Proanthocyanidin and fish oil potent activity against cisplatin-induced renal cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in rats

Figures & data

Figure 1. Renal DNA cell cycle analysis in control and different treatment groups of rats. Note: M1: G0/1%, M2 S phase %, M3 G2/M%.

Figure 2. Renal apoptosis % in control and different treatment groups of rats. Note: M1: apoptosis %.

Table 1. Renal DNA cell cycle and apoptosis % in control and different treated rat groups.

Animal Groups	C	GSPE	FO	CP	GSPE + CP	FO + CP
Mean ±SE
G0/1%	78.41 ± 2.28^a	80.96 ± 1.41^a	79.22 ± 2.44^a	42.62 ± 0.92^b	62.96 ± 1.61^c	63.66 ± 1.61^c
S-phase%	15.64 ± 0.64^a	13.71 ± 1.11^a	14.30 ± 0.79^a	34.38 ± 0.72^b	25.78 ± 1.63^c	22.18 ± 0.57^c
G2/M%	6.72 ± 0.55^a	6.59 ± 0.45^a	6.17 ± 0.37^a	23.59 ± 0.99^b	14.55 ± 1.04^c	12.79 ± 0.47^c
Apoptosis%	5.57 ± 0.13^a	4.50 ± 0.13^a	5.51 ± 0.27^a	32.07 ± 5.50^b	10.42 ± 0.66^c	8.57 ± 0.64^c

Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SE of six rats. Within each row, means with different superscript (a, b, c) were significantly different at p < 0.05. Where means superscripts with the same letters mean that there is no significant difference at (p > 0.05). C: control GSPE: grape seed proanthocyanidin extract.

FO: fish oil; CP: cisplatin.

Figure 3. Representative photomicrographs of kidney by staining with hematoxylin and eosin of control and different treated rat groups. Notes: [A] Normal control untreated rats (normal glomerular architecture and normal proximal and distal convoluted tubules with cuboidal epithelial cells); [B] GSPE-treated rats; [C] FO-treated rats (normal glomerular architecture and normal proximal and distal convoluted tubules with cuboidal epithelial cells); [D] Cisplatin-intoxicated rats (tubular degeneration degenerative glomerulus, necrotic tubular cells, and cell debris); [E] Cisplatin-GSPE-treated rats and [F] Cisplatin-FO treated rats (amelioration the undesirable changes produced after cisplatin-intoxication).

Figure 4. Representative photomicrographs of caspase-3 expression determined by immunohistochemistry. Notes: [A, B and C] There are 26, 23, and 21% of caspase-3 expressions in the cortical regions of kidney of control rats and in GSPE- or FO-treated rats, respectively. [D] Cisplatin administration increased strongly caspase-3 expression about 70% in inner cortical and outer medullary areas especially in the proximal convoluted tubules, whereas in the glomerular structure there was less caspase-3 expression. [E, F] There was inhibition of caspase-3 expression as evidenced by weak immunostaining about 45 and 49% in the distal tubules in the cortical regions of rat kidneys treated GSPE or FO, respectively.

Figure 5. Representative photomicrographs of Bcl-2 expression determined by immunohistochemistry. Notes: [A, B, and C] There is normal expression of Bcl-2 in the cortical regions of kidney in control, GSPE, and FO treated rats about 80, 82, and 79%, respectively. However, cisplatin administration decreased strongly Bcl-2 expression which is about 30% in inner cortical and outer medullary areas especially in the proximal convoluted tubules [D]. On the other hand, there was an increase of Bcl-2 expression as evidenced by strong immunostaining in the distal tubules in the cortical regions of rat kidneys treated with GSPE or FO before cisplatin which are about 50 and 53% [E, F]. Brown color indicates immunopositivity.