Admission hypomagnesemia linked to septic shock in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Figures & data

Table 1. baseline clinical characteristics.

		Serum Mg level at hospital admission (mg/dL)
variables	All	<1.5	1.5–1.7	1.7–1.9	1.9–2.1	2.1–2.3	>2.3	p
N	2589	259	418	560	635	405	312
Age (years)	61 ± 18	59 ± 18	59 ± 18	61 ± 18	61 ± 18	63 ± 18	63 ± 17	0.01*
Male	1491 (58)	132 (51)	207 (50)	313 (56)	383 (60)	250 (62)	206 (66)	<0.001*
Caucasian	2362 (91)	224 (86)	378 (90)	512 (91)	592 (93)	369 (91)	287 (92)	0.06
GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	75 ± 32	75 ± 33	78 ± 32	79 ± 32	77 ± 30	74 ± 32	63 ± 36	<0.001*
Charlson score	2.0 ± 2.4	2.4 ± 2.7	2.2 ± 2.4	1.9 ± 2.4	2.0 ± 2.5	1.9 ± 2.4	1.9 ± 2.4	0.05
Comorbidities
CAD	459 (18)	31 (12)	75 (18)	97 (17)	108 (17)	86 (21)	62 (20)	0.06
HTN	1353 (52)	149 (58)	229 (55)	295 (53)	308 (49)	201 (50)	171 (55)	0.09
DM	533 (21)	71 (27)	99 (24)	104 (19)	122 (19)	86 (21)	51 (16)	0.008*
CHF	182 (7)	13 (5)	30 (7)	37 (7)	39 (6)	28 (7)	35 (11)	0.05
Principal diagnosis								<0.001*
Cardiovascular	483 (19)	21 (8)	59 (14)	90 (16)	126 (20)	89 (22)	98 (31)
Hematology and oncology	380 (15)	31 (12)	69 (17)	90 (16)	100 (16)	60 (15)	30 (10)
Infectious disease	364 (14)	59 (23)	66 (16)	82 (15)	87 (14)	46 (11)	24 (8)
Endocrine and metabolic	72 (3)	10 (4)	7 (2)	10 (2)	17 (3)	13 (3)	15 (5)
Respiratory	235 (9)	13 (5)	33 (8)	51 (9)	60 (9)	48 (12)	30 (10)
Gastrointestinal	249 (10)	27 (10)	36 (9)	56 (10)	61 (10)	36 (9)	33 (11)
Injury and poisoning	457 (18)	57 (22)	102 (24)	107 (19)	102 (16)	53 (13)	36 (12)
Other	349 (13)	41 (16)	46 (11)	74 (13)	82 (13)	60 (15)	46 (15)
Mechanical ventilator use	769 (30)	66 (25)	119 (28)	163 (29)	162 (26)	131 (32)	128 (41)	<0.001*
Hypotension at admission^a	781 (30)	104 (40)	132 (32)	135 (24)	167 (26)	125 (31)	118 (38)	<0.001*

Notes: Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD; categorical data are presented as count (percentage).

^asystolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg on admission date.

*p < 0.05

Figure 1. Septic shock occurrence among various admission serum Mg levels.

Table 2. ORs for the association between admission serum Mg levels and the need for vasopressor use in hospital.

		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Serum Mg level at hospital admission (mg/dL)	Need for vasopressor in hospital	OR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p
<1.5	32 (12.4)	1.90 (1.11–3.25)	0.02*	1.86 (1.07–3.27)	0.03*
1.5–1.7	43 (10.3)	1.54 (0.94–2.56)	0.08	1.58 (0.95–2.68)	0.08
1.7–1.9	48 (8.6)	1.26 (0.78–2.07)	0.34	1.40 (0.85–2.32)	0.18
1.9–2.1	52 (8.2)	1.20 (0.75–1.96)	0.45	1.34 (0.83–2.20)	0.24
2.1–2.3	28 (6.9)	1 (ref)	–	1 (ref)	–
>2.3	33 (10.6)	1.59 (0.94–2.71)	0.08	1.40 (0.82–2.43)	0.22

Note: Adjusted for age, sex, eGFR, Charlson comorbidity score, history of DM, CHF, principal diagnosis, mechanical ventilator use and the presence of hypotension at hospital admission.

*p < 0.05.