Groningen frailty indicator in older patients with end-stage renal disease

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient characteristics at baseline (n = 63).

	All patients	GFI < 4 (n = 43)	GFI ≥ 4 (n = 20)	p-Value
Median age in years (range)	75 (66–92)	75 (66–91)	75 (67–92)	0.64
Male gender	65% (41/63)	67% (29/43)	60% (12/20)	0.56
ADL-independent	79% (50/63)	91% (39/43)	55% (11/20)	0.001
Living with partner (versus alone)	63% (40/63)	72% (31/43)	45% (9/20)	0.04
Social status				0.22
Married	65% (41/63)	72% (31/43)	50% (10/20)
Unmarried	8% (5/63)	7% (3/43)	10% (2/20)
Widower	27% (17/63)	21% (9/43)	40% (8/20)
Low educational level^a	86% (44/51)	89% (32/36)	80% (12/15)	0.40
Smoking	43% (26/61)	41% (17/42)	47% (9/19)	0.61
Median BMI in kg (range)	25.6 (17–39)	25.6 (19–38) (n = 41)	25.7 (17–39) (n = 20)	0.66
Median number of medications (range)	8.0 (1–18)	8.0 (1–18)	9.5 (5–17)	0.17
Charlson Comorbidity Index score: median (range)	1 (0–6)	1 (0–6)	2 (0–5)	0.38
Hypertension	70% (44/63)	72% (31/43)	65% (13/20)	0.57
Median GFR-Cockroft at baseline in mL/min (range)	16.0 (5–34)	16.7 (5–34)	13.7 (6–32)	0.11
ESRD cause^b				0.23
Hypertensive nephropathy	45% (36/80)	47% (26/55)	40% (10/25)
Diabetic nephropathy	14% (11/80)	16% (9/55)	8% (2/25)
Obstructive nephropathy	10% (8/80)	7% (4/55)	16% (4/25)
Other chronic glomerulopathy	18% (14/80)	15% (9/55)	20% (5/25)
Other causes	15% (12/80)	15% (8/55)	16% (4/25)

Notes: ^aLow education was defined as primary education until tertiary middle-level applied education.

^b17 patients out of 63 had two causes of ESRD.

Figure 1. Identification of geriatric impairments by the GFI and the nephrologist (n = 13).

Table 2. Treatment choices.

Therapy	GFI < 4 (n = 43)	GFI ≥ 4 (n = 20)	p < 0.001
Conservative treatment	2% (1/43)	45% (9/20)
Planned for future dialysis	42% (18/43)	10% (2/20)
Dialysis	56% (24/43)	45% (9/20)

Figure 2. Kaplan–Meier survival curves, measured from the date of inclusion until 1 year of follow-up [n = 63, n (died) = 10].

Table 3. Outcomes after a year of follow-up, measured from the date of inclusion (date of GFI) (n = 63).

	GFI < 4 (n = 43)	GFI ≥ 4 (n = 20)	p-Value
Percentage of patients that has been hospitalized	53% (23/43)	90% (18/20)	0.005
Median number of hospital admissions (range)	1 (0–6)	1 (0–5)	0.13
Median number of days in hospital (range)	1 (0–100)	2 (0–199)	0.073
Reason for admission^a
Dialysis-related	50% (31/62)	44% (15/34)
Kidney disease-related	10% (6/62)	6% (2/34)
Not kidney-related	40% (25/62)	50% (17/34)
Percentage of patients with dialysis-related complications	46% (11/24)	67% (6/9)	0.29
Percentage of patients died within the first year of follow-up	9% (4/43)	30% (6/20)	0.04

Note: ^aAll admissions.