Hemodialysis system privatization and patient survival: a report from a large registry Eastern Europe cohort

Figures & data

Table 1. HD national death rates during 2010–2012 per 1000 patient years at risk among patients alive at 1 January, by age and PRD.

Age as of 1 January	All	Diabetic nephropathy	Vascular nephropathy	Glomerulonephritis	Other	NA
0–19	54.60	–	–	56.43	54.05	52.63
20–29	28.59	84.51	69.77	23.98	33.79	13.55
30–39	34.89	66.30	22.81	37.24	28.51	28.47
40–49	46.42	73.36	107.78	47.07	39.42	39.25
50–59	71.66	134.51	80.61	60.28	63.02	73.81
60–69	95.99	119.10	96.80	89.77	90.03	97.06
70–79	115.95	110.57	106.28	113.57	116.65	120.71
80+	103.54	94.04	96.00	26.67	117.29	112.51

Table 2. Patient characteristics by HD chain provider.

	All	FP Chain 1	FP Chain 2	FP Chain 3	FP Chain 4	NP Chain	Other	p^a
Patients (n)	8161	3882	956	945	748	938	692
Facilities (n)	137	35	13	10	8	57	14
Age (years)	56.9 [56.6–57.2]	57 [56.5–57.4]	56.6[55.7–57.5]	56.7 [55.8–57.5]	55.8 [54.9–56.8]	57.3 [56.3–58.3]	57.7 [56.7–58.7]	0.3
Male gender (%)	57	56	56	60	58	57	56	0.3
Primary renal disease
(%)
GN	25	24	22	30	28	24	26	<0.001
DN	10	9	7	15	14	9	9
VN	7	6	11	6	7	6	8
Other	32	33	32	30	33	33	32
NA	26	28	28	19	18	28	25
HD vintage (months)	38 [37–39]	42 [41–43]	38 [35–41]	35 [33–40]	33 [31–35]	38 [35–43]	29 [27–32]	<0.001
Cause of death
Number (%)^b	803 (10)	322 (8)	98 (10)	95 (10)	91 (12)	142 (15)	55 (8)	<0.001
Cardiovascular (%)	62	64	50	57	71	66	52
Neoplasia (%)	4	4	9	7	1	2	4
Infectious (%)	3	3	4	5	4	3	1
Gastrointestinal (%)	4	4	1	7	4	2	4
Other/unknown (%)	27	25	36	24	20	27	39

Notes: GN, glomerulonephritis; DN, diabetic nephropathy; VN, vascular nephropathy; NA, not assessed; HD, hemodialysis; FP, for profit; NP, non-profit.

^aOverall interchain comparison.

^bPercentage from all the chain patients

Figure 1. SMR in HD patients by provider.

Table 3. Multivariate CPH model.

	HR	p
Age	1.036 [1.030–1.042]	<0.01
Male versus female gender	1.171 [1.016–1.349]	0.03
Primary renal disease vs. diabetic nephropathy		0.01
Glomerulonephritis	0.721 [0.565–0.920]	<0.01
Vascular nephropathy	0.856 [0.638–1.149]	0.3
Other	0.702 [0.560–0.879]	<0.01
NA	0.686 [0.542–0.868]	0.02
HD Chains vs. NP Chain		<0.01
FP Chain 1	0.542 [0.445–0.661]	<0.01
FP Chain 2	0.682 [0.527–0.883]	<0.01
FP Chain 3	0.652 [0.502–0.846]	<0.01
FP Chain 4	0.818 [0.628–1.065]	0.1
Other	0.500 [0.366–0.683]	<0.01

Notes: Variables entered at step 1: age, gender, primary renal disease, HD chain providers, HD vintage, number of intercenter transfers. HD, hemodialysis; FP, for profit; NP, non-profit; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not assessed.