Effects of long-term pre- and post-natal exposure to 2.45 GHz wireless devices on developing male rat kidney

Figures & data

Figure 1. The experimental setup for irradiation of rats.

Figure 2. Photomicrographs of the hematoxylin–eosin stained kidneys from (a) control, (b) pre-natal [tubular casts (thick arrow), tubular degeneration (thin arrow)], and (c) post-natal group.

Table 1. Biochemical results of kidney homogenates and urinary samples (mean ± SE).

	MDA (nmol/mg protein)	SOD (U/g protein)	GSH-Px (U/g protein)	TAS (μmol Trolox Eqv/L)	TOS (μmol Trolox Eqv/L)	Urine NAG activity (U/g creatinine)
Sham (n = 8)	2.15 ± 0.42	98.47 ± 13.10	108.33 ± 47.67	1.05 ± 0.11	22.77 ± 7.13	15.66 ± 2.63
Pre-natal (n = 8)	3.38 ± 1.31	78.64 ± 21.86	109.69 ± 40.81	0.85 ± 0.20	31.01 ± 5.16	63.96 ± 16.64
Post-natal (n = 8)	1.79 ± 0.56	80.34 ± 20.50	88.40 ± 28.13	0.89 ± 0.16	23.89 ± 7.20	43.10 ± 16.43
p-Values
Sham-Prenatal	0.025	0.017	NS	0.043	0.046	0.000
Sham-Postnatal	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	0.002
Prenatal-Postnatal	0.04	NS	NS	NS	0.049	0.015

Figure 3. Photomicrographs of theBcl-2 immunohistochemical stained kidneys from (a) control, (b) pre-natal, and (c) post-natal group.

Figure 4. Photomicrographs of the Bax immunohistochemical stained kidneys from (a) sham exposed and (b) pre-natal group.

Table 2. Immunohistochemical results of image J analyze program (mean ± SE).

	Bcl-2 (medullaryarea)	Bcl-2 (cortical area)	Bax (medullary area)	Bax (cortical area)	Medullary area Bcl-2/Bax ratio	Cortical area Bcl-2/Bax ratio
Sham (n = 8)	173.83 ± 13.28	184.83 ± 15.37	130.54 ± 12.98	126.97 ± 9.23	1.33 ± 0.16	1.45 ± 0.09
Pre-natal (n = 8)	150.68 ± 13.96	167.84 ± 7.71	136,64 ± 16.42	150.37 ± 16.18	1.12 ± 0.23	1.13 ± 0.13
Post-natal (n = 8)	167.89 ± 15.50	179.08 ± 9.90	137.88 ± 24.41	134.21 ± 25.61	1.25 ± 0.26	1.37 ± 0.23
p-Values
Sham-Prenatal	0.000	0.002	NS	0.000	0.018	0.011
Sham-Postnatal	NS	0.002	NS	0.007	NS	NS
Prenatal-Postnatal	0.029	NS	NS	NS	0.017	NS

Note: As the numbers increase, staining intensities decreases.