Limbic brain responses in mothers with post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid dissociation to video clips of their children

Figures & data

Table 1. Multiple regression of the BOLD contrast while mothers with interpersonal violence-related post-traumatic stress disorder (IPV-PTSD; n = 11, df = 8) are watching their child during separation as compared to play, including their dissociative and PTSD symptom severity as predictors. Only significant effects are shown. “tDES” stands for the predictive t-value that is related to the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), “tCAPS” for the predictive t related to the Clinician Administered PTSD Symptom Scale (CAPS). XYZ describes the coordinates of the peak voxel within the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate system (Ashburner et al., 1997). The table also shows the partial correlation of the cluster with the DES-score (as corrected for CAPS values), and for the CAPS-score (as corrected for DES values) followed by the same cluster's partial correlations with separation and play.

Cluster	Name	tCAPS		tDES	XYZ	p Value of the peak voxel	This cluster also includes:	Partial correlation of the CAPS with the Cluster (Separation versusPlay, Separation, Play)	Partial correlation of the DES with the Cluster (Separation versus Play, Separation, Play)
	Positive Caps and Negative DES
224	R Parahippocampal Gyrus	8.69		7.44	−30−28−18	<0.001	R Hippocampus	0.938	−0.920
	(Perirhinal Cortex)							0.609	−0.661
	R Parahippocampal Gyrus	6.80		5.58	−28−36−18	<0.001		0.109	−0.319
72	R Parahippocampal Gyrus	9.70		10.82	−16−24−22	<0.001		0.943	−0.958
	(Perirhinal Cortex)							0.634	−0.674
	R Parahippocampal Gyrus (Perirhinal Cortex)	4.86		5.50	−22−18−26	0.001		0.222	−0.205
48	Mid-Cingulate Cortex	5.86		4.48	−6−24 38	0.001		0.890	−0.879
								0.527	−0.572
								0.130	−0.222
31	R Temporo-Parietal Junction	4.33		4.48	−44−32 22	0.001	R Insula	0.824	−0.840
								0.641	−0.740
								0.366	−0.538
57	L Middle Temporal Gyrus	9.80		8.75	56−6−18	<0.001		0.918	−0.903
								0.455	−0.590
								−0.100	−0.199
32	L Superior Temporal Gyrus	8.15		6.79	54 2 0	<0.001		0.955	−0.929
								0.603	−0.645
								0.156	−0.330
113	R Precentral gyrus	9.21		9.68	−32−22 60	<0.001		0.883	−0.901
								0.706	−0.695
								0.448	−0.373
50	R Precentral gyrus	4.69		6.61	−42−16 58	0.001		0.843	−0.868
								0.643	−0.669
								0.286	−0.283
	R Postcentral Gyrus	4.57		4.45	−54−20 54	0.001
33	R Supplementary	8.01		5.88	−18−12 66	<0.001		0.916	−0.891
	Motor Area							0.488	−0.544
								0.218	−0.337
	Positive DES only
31	R Dorsolateral Prefrontal			4.29	−48 4 20	0.001			0.830
	Cortex								−0.274
									−0.540
30	R Dorsolateral Prefrontal			4.15	−56 14 12	0.002			0.819
	Cortex								0.165
									−0.443
	Negative DES only
101	L Hippocampus			7.78	20−18 −12	<0.001			−0.889
									−0.620
									−0.147
58	R Parahippocampal Gyrus (Entorhinal Cortex)			5.50	−22−20−22	0.000			−0.946
									−0.657
	R Parahippocampal Gyrus			4.73	−14−26−20	0.001			−0.218
759	R Precentral Gyrus			7.03	−26−20 64	<0.001			−0.937
									−0.641
	Mid-Cingulate Cortex			6.02	−12−18 46	<0.001			−0.295
	R Precentral Gyrus			5.69	−14−20 70	<0.001
56	Midbrain/Cerebellum			5.88	6−38−22	<0.001			−0.871
									−0.611
									−0.316
40	Cerebellum			4.50	−10−46−18	0.001			−0.858
									−0.624
	Cerebellum			3.88	−16−46−26	0.002			−0.252
	Positive CAPS only
35	L Dorsolateral	4.79			48 26 28	0.001		0.827
	Prefrontal Cortex							0.503
								−0.555
45	Medial Prefrontal Gyrus	5.27			−20−12 62	<0.001		0.858
								0.567
	Superior Prefrontal Gyrus	5.12			−20−10 70	<0.001		0.207
70	L Oribtofrontal Cortex	4.47			50 20−6	0.001		0.832
								0.259
	L Oribtofrontal Cortex	4.00			44 26−14	0.002		−0.583
164	Mid-Cingulate Cortex	5.87			−14−42 44	<0.001		0.848
								0.554
	Precuneus	4.82			−8−38 52	0.001		−0.121
93	Mid-Cingulate Cortex	4.84			−2−24 38	0.001		0.873
								0.386
	Mid-Cingulate Cortex	3.79			0 −16 34	0.003		−0.026
83	L Fusiform Gyrus	5.61			32−14−28	<0.001		0.839
								0.779
	L Parahippocampal Gyurs (Entorhinal Cortex)	3.58			20−20−22	0.004		−0.183
191	Cerebellum	6.82			−34−46−24	<0.001		0.922
	R Fusiform Gyrus	5.60			−40−36−16	<0.001		0.651
	R Fusiform Gyrus	5.29			−24−34−16	<0.001		0.204
63	L Temporal Pole	6.38			56 6 0	<0.001		0.950
								0.578
								0.130
166	L Middle Temporal Gyrus	6.00			44−8−22	<0.001		0.867
	L Middle Temporal Gyrus	5.69			46−20−14	<0.001		0.667
	L Middle Temporal Gyrus	5.34			54−8−22	<0.001		0.015
82	R Superior Temporal Gyrus	4.56			−62−46 6	0.001		0.861
								0.525
	R Middle Temporal Gyrus	4.43			−58−52 0	0.001		−0.101
52	Brainstem (Medulla)	5.49			−2−42−48	<0.001		0.879
								0.668
								0.255

Significant partial correlations at p < 0.05 are given in bold, significant partial correlations at p < 0.005 are given in bold and italicized values.

Figure 1. Results of a multiple regression of the participants' DES and CAPS scores with BOLD activity as the dependant variable. BOLD activity refers to mothers' viewing excerpts of their own children during separation as compared to play. Code: additional activation associated with higher DES scores: double line perforated arrow (blue); with lower DES scores: double line arrow (yellow); with higher CAPS scores: single line perforated arrow (red); with higher CAPS scores and lower DES scores: single line arrow (orange). Numbers on the left side indicate the z-level within the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate system (Ashburner et al., 1997). OFC = Orbitofrontal Cortex, dlPFC = dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, MTG = Middle temporal Gyrus, STG = Superior Temporal Gyrus, SMA = Supplementary Motor Area.

Ashburner J, Neelin P, Collins DL, Evans A, Friston K. 1997. Incorporating prior knowledge into image registration. Neuroimage 6:344–52

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