Antioxidant effect of immediate- versus sustained-release melatonin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls

Figures & data

Table 1. Concentrations of GSH, activities of GPx-1, CAT, GR and SOD-1 and MDA levels in T2DM patients and controls before and after the treatments.

	Melatonin 2 mg – prolonged-release formulation				Melatonin 5 mg – immediate-release formulation
	DM before N = 27	DM after N = 27	C before N = 20	C after N = 20	DM before N = 25	DM after N = 25	C before N = 23	C after N = 23
GSH [mmol/l]	2.818 ± 0.4424	2.804 ± 0.4407	3.104 ± 0.2441	3.293 ± 0.6202	2.348 ± 0.3106	2.445 ± 0.4126	2.631 ± 0.2302	2.599 ± 0.2100
% change	−0.485		6.075		4.131		−1.223
p value	0.9077		0.2125		0.3524		0.6248
GPx-1 [U/g Hb]	11.76 ± 2.3053	12.88 ± 2.6069	14.30 ± 3.1654	15.14 ± 3.7414	13.60 ± 2.3300	14.76 ± 1.5496	14.30 ± 3.3356	15.28 ± 2.6991
% change	9.534		8.529		5.874		6.826
p value	0.1005		0.4481		0.0436*		0.2793
CAT [BU/gHb]	21.46 ± 2.0854	23.02 ± 1.9683	23.60 ± 2.7199	25.51 ± 2.8470	21.79 ± 3.1278	23.29 ± 2.4379	23.29 ± 3.0849	24.21 ± 2.9083
% change	7.240		8.093		6.884		3.945
p value	0.0001*		0.0364*		0.0646		0.3037
GR [U/gHb]	56.65 ± 12.940	63.79 ± 15.771	66.98 ± 8.503	73.40 ± 10.196	60.37 ± 7.412	68.66 ± 8.333	64.12 ± 7.322	74.01 ± 6.406
% change	12.609		9.589		13.724		15.424
p value	0.0747		0.0369*		0.0005*		<0.0001*
SOD-1[U/gHb]	2130.0 ± 180.04	2384.2 ± 110.49	2226.0 ± 248.29	2395.6 ± 233.24	2740.0 ± 497.97	3191.5 ± 440.58	2568.7 ± 269.01	2846.8 ± 425.51
% change	11.934		16.478		7.617		10.829
p value	0.0002*		0.0321*		0.0014*		0.0112*
MDA [µmol/g Hb]	0.228 ± 0.0361	0.199 ± 0.0228	0.228 ± 0.0264	0.207 ± 0.0204	0.268 ± 0.0383	0.209 ± 0.0307	0.283 ± 0.0398	0.242 ± 0.0421
% change	−12.352		−9.011		−21.981		−14.701
p value	0.0009*		0.0077		<0.0001		0.0015
Melatonin [pg/ML]	16.51 ± 11.59	28.81 ± 20.19	35.96 ± 16.121	50.65 ± 31.317	19.29 ± 17.152	35.31 ± 26.303	32.60 ± 11.504	46.03 ± 19.018
% change	74.500		40.851		83.048		41.196
p value	0.0083		0.0699		0.0140		0.0058

The effect of the treatment was assessed with t-test for dependent samples and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for normally and non-normally distributes variables, respectively. p value <0.05 of the effect of the treatment was considered significant, significant values marked with asterisk; % change – percent change in parameter absolute value after the treatment; GSH, reduced glutathione; GPx-1, glutathione peroxidase; CAT, catalase; GR, glutathione reductase; SOD-1, copper zinc superoxide dismutase; MDA, malondialdehyde.