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Research Article

Effects of phonophoresis with gold nanoparticles on oxidative stress parameters in a traumatic muscle injury model

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 916-922 | Received 11 Mar 2014, Accepted 07 May 2014, Published online: 17 Jun 2014

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of TPU + Plus gel on superoxide anion production in skeletal muscle after injury (48 h). Data are expressed as the means ± standard error of mean for six animals. *p < 0.05 compared to sham, #p < 0.05 compared to muscle injury without treatment, &p < 0.05 compared to TPU + Plus (Tukey’s test).

Figure 1. Effect of TPU + Plus gel on superoxide anion production in skeletal muscle after injury (48 h). Data are expressed as the means ± standard error of mean for six animals. *p < 0.05 compared to sham, #p < 0.05 compared to muscle injury without treatment, &p < 0.05 compared to TPU + Plus (Tukey’s test).

Figure 2. Effect of TPU + Plus gel on TBARS (A) and protein carbonylation (B) levels in skeletal muscle after injury (48 h). Data are expressed as the means ± standard error of mean for six animals. *p < 0.05 compared to sham, #p < 0.05 compared to muscle injury without treatment, &p < 0.05 compared to TPU + Plus (Tukey’s test).

Figure 2. Effect of TPU + Plus gel on TBARS (A) and protein carbonylation (B) levels in skeletal muscle after injury (48 h). Data are expressed as the means ± standard error of mean for six animals. *p < 0.05 compared to sham, #p < 0.05 compared to muscle injury without treatment, &p < 0.05 compared to TPU + Plus (Tukey’s test).

Figure 3. Effect of TPU + Plus gel on SOD (A), GPx (B), and CAT (C) levels in skeletal muscle after injury (48 h). Data are expressed as the means ± standard error of mean for six animals. *p < 0.05 compared to sham, #p < 0.05 compared to muscle injury without treatment, &p < 0.05 compared to TPU + Plus (Tukey’s test).

Figure 3. Effect of TPU + Plus gel on SOD (A), GPx (B), and CAT (C) levels in skeletal muscle after injury (48 h). Data are expressed as the means ± standard error of mean for six animals. *p < 0.05 compared to sham, #p < 0.05 compared to muscle injury without treatment, &p < 0.05 compared to TPU + Plus (Tukey’s test).

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