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Research Article

Development of an optimized hyaluronic acid-based lipidic nanoemulsion co-encapsulating two polyphenols for nose to brain delivery

Pages 1444-1452 | Received 27 Jul 2015, Accepted 07 Sep 2015, Published online: 24 Sep 2015

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition of nanoemulsion formulae.

Table 2. Particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of the selected nanoemulsion formulae.

Figure 1. TEM micrograph of (a) formula N4 taken at magnification of 30 000×; (b) formula N9 taken at magnification of 50 000×.

Figure 1. TEM micrograph of (a) formula N4 taken at magnification of 30 000×; (b) formula N9 taken at magnification of 50 000×.

Figure 2. In vitro release of resveratrol and curcumin from the mucoadhesive nanoemulsion formula N9 in phosphate buffered saline pH 6 containing 2% tween 80.

Figure 2. In vitro release of resveratrol and curcumin from the mucoadhesive nanoemulsion formula N9 in phosphate buffered saline pH 6 containing 2% tween 80.

Figure 3. Ex vivo permeation of resveratrol and curcumin from the nanoemulsion formula N9 through sheep nasal mucosa.

Figure 3. Ex vivo permeation of resveratrol and curcumin from the nanoemulsion formula N9 through sheep nasal mucosa.

Figure 4. The effect of three months storage of formula N9 on its particle size, zeta potential and DDPH inhibition percentage.

Figure 4. The effect of three months storage of formula N9 on its particle size, zeta potential and DDPH inhibition percentage.

Figure 5. Optical microscopy image of the rat nasal septum, with the administration of formula N9 in the left nostril.

Figure 5. Optical microscopy image of the rat nasal septum, with the administration of formula N9 in the left nostril.

Figure 6. Quantification of the amounts of resveratrol and curcumin reaching the brain following the intranasal administration of the mucoadhesive formula N9.

Figure 6. Quantification of the amounts of resveratrol and curcumin reaching the brain following the intranasal administration of the mucoadhesive formula N9.

Table 3. Brain pharmacokinetic parameters for intranasally administered resveratrol and curcumin solution compared to the mucoadhesive nanoemulsion form N9.

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