An alternative choice of lidocaine-loaded liposomes: lidocaine-loaded lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles for local anesthetic therapy

Figures & data

Figure 1. Scheme of the LA-LPs and LA-LPs.

Figure 2. The TEM images of LA-LPs and LA-LPs.

Table 1. Characterization of LA-LPs and LA-LPNs.

Formulations	Particle size (nm)	Size distribution	Zeta potential (mV)	EE (%)	DL (%)
Blank LPs	126.5 ± 3.9	0.14 ± 0.03	+6.8 ± 0.8	N/A	N/A
LA-LPs	145.6 ± 5.9	0.19 ± 0.02	−4.6 ± 0.7	78.6 ± 4.3	1.3 ± 0.4
Blank LPNs	71.2 ± 2.8	0.09 ± 0.02	+32.7 ± 4.6	N/A	N/A
LA-LPNs	88.6 ± 3.4	0.11 ± 0.03	+13.6 ± 1.9	85.2 ± 3.1	2.5 ± 0.6

Table 2. Skin permeation steady-state fluxes (J_SS) of the LA-LPs and LA-LPNs.

Formulations	LA solution	LA-LPs	LA-LPNs
JSS (μg/h/cm^2)	29.3 ± 1.8	40.6 ± 3.5	65.4 ± 3.1

Figure 3. The stability results of LA-LPs and LA-LPs.

Figure 4. The LA release profiles of LA-LPs and LA-LPs.

Figure 5. In vitro permeation profiles of LA from LA-LPs and LA-LPs.

Figure 6. In vivo TFL test for the evaluation of the local anesthetic effects of LA-LPs and LA-LPs.