Development of transferosomal gel for trans-dermal delivery of insulin using iodine complex

Figures & data

Table 1. Formulation evaluation study protocol.

Group	Treatment	Dose/kg	Route
1	Control	N.A.	N.A.
2	STZ control	60 mg/kg	I.P
3	Insulin	2.5 I.U.	Topical
4	Insulin loaded transfersomes with iodophor	2.5 I.U.	Topical
5	Insulin loaded transfersomal gel with iodophor	2.5 I.U.	Topical

Figure 1. TEM image of transfersomes.

Table 2. Characterization of elastic liposomal formulations.

Sr.No.	Formulation code	Sodium cholate (mg)	Insulin (mg)	Particle size (nm)	Zeta potential	PDI	E.E
1	F1	25	0.5	105.8 ± 0.213	11.9 ± 0.118	0.192 ± 0.137	53 ± 1.32
2	F2	25	1	119.7 ± 0.115	12.9 ± 0.312	0.278 ± 0.278	59 ± 2.11
3	F3	25	1.2	187.9 ± 0.149	10.8 ± 0.105	0.225 ± 0.304	78 ± 2.964
4	F4	25	1.5	223.4 ± 0.234	11.2 ± 0.254	0.217 ± 0.291	56 ± 3.121
5	F5	25	2	256.0 ± 0.286	12.8 ± 0.322	0.224 ± 0.191	65 ± 0.984

Figure 2. In-vitro permeation of insulin with different concentration of iodophor.

Figure 3. TEM image of transfersomal gel.

Figure 4. DSC of transferosomal gel containing iodophor.

Figure 5. Circular dichroism of insulin loaded transfersomal gel containing iodophor.

Figure 6. Rheogram of transferosomal gel formulation.

Figure 7. Graph depicts in-vitro release study of formulation.

Table 3. Release kinetics of various formulation.

Kinetic approach	(TSI)	(TGI)	(PGI)
Zero order	0.6039	0.8831	0.5786
1st order	0.7460	0.8063	0.7179
Higuchi	0.7642	0.9481	0.7438
Peppas(n)	0.7256	0.8886	0.7136

Figure 8. Graph depicts in-vitro release study using franz diffusion cell.

Table 4. Release kinetics of diferent formulations.

Kinetic approach	Transfersomal gel with iodophor (TG)	Plain gel with iodophor (PG)	Transfersomal suspension with iodophor (TSI)
Zero order	0.5854	0.6682	0.5691
1^st order	0.6364	0.7083	0.6286
Higuchi	0.773	0.91	0.874
Peppas	0.8922	0.8342	0.7658

Figure 9. (a) CLSM image of transferosomes suspension, (b) CLSM image of transferosomal gel containing iodophor, (c) CLSM image of plain gel.

Figure 10. In-vivo release pattern of Insulin in different formulations.