Corrigendum

Figures & data

Table 1  Extended demographic characteristics of Controls, HCV monoinfected HIV monoinfected and co-infected- groups

	Controls (n = 72)	HCV monoinfected(n = 120)	HIV monoinfected(n = 14)	HIV/HCV coinfected(n = 187)	Comparisons*
Age (years)	40.81 (7.509)	40.15 (5.509)	39.14 (8.264)	40.34 (6.20)	.80
Education (years)	5.82 (2.14)	5.72 (2.08)	6.43 (2.38)	5.39 (2.28)	.19
Gender % Male	70.8%	53.3%	50%	61.5%	.09
Speaks Fuyang dialect	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	1.00
Speaks Mandarin	15.3%	10.8%	28.6%	12.8%	.29
Han Ethnicity	98.6%	100.0%	100.0%	99.5%	.47
Grew up in rural area	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	98.3%	.99
Resides in rural area	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	99.5%	.99
Engaged in Farming	90.3%	91.2%	85.7%	86.6%	.85
Number of family members in home	5.05 (1.12)	5.25 (1.28)	4.78 (1.31)	5.18 (1.41)	.53
Currently married	98.6%	94.2%	85.7%	88.8%	.17
Widowed	1.4%	5.8%	14.3%	10.2%	.17
Number of plasma donations^1	6.66 (12.9)	17.38 (28.21)	9.857 (12.95)	55.80 (98.54)	<.0001

*One-way Anova or overall Chi-Square comparison as appropriate.

¹HIV/HCV Co-infected > all other groups (p <.05).

Eight participants (6 HIV- and 2 HIV+) are not included here because their HCV status is unknown.

Table 2  Clinical and laboratory characteristics in the HIV monoinfected and coinfected groups

	HIV monoinfected(n = 14)	HIV/HCV coinfected(n = 187)	p
Current CD4 count	392 (IQR: 309–478)	316 (IQR: 186–365)	.28
Nadir CD4 count	262 (169–375)	200 (IQR: 152–350)	.82
Plasma HIV viral load in 132 detectable^1	3.75 (0.59)	4.11 (0.84)	.10
HIV RNA % detectable	71.43%	64.24%	.63
Duration of known HIV seropositivity in months (SD)	156.7 (22.6)	141.8 (43.5)	.04
% AIDS	64.3%	55.6%	.53
CDC stages %
A1	7.2%	7%	-
A2	21.5%	26.4%	-
A3	35.7%	20.4%
B1	7.1%	0.0%	-
B2	0.0%	10.7%	-
B3	7.1%	21%	-
C2	7.1%	3.2%	-
C3	14.3%	11.3%	-
On ARV drugs (%)	64.3%	56.1%	.55
Type of ART regimen among treated^2
HAART (≥ 3 drugs)	66.7%	89.5%	.04
Dual-therapy	33.3%	7.6%
Monotherapy	0.0%	2.9%
ARV treatment duration in months (SD)	92 (48)	96 (59)	.87
CNS Penetration-Effectiveness (CPE) Ranks^3	1.28 (0.36)	1.56 (0.35)	.02
Self-reported adherence as “always”	100%	98%	.91%

Eight participants (6 HIV- and 2 HIV+) are not included here because their HCV status is unknown.

ARV: antiretroviral.

¹NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 from bioM¨œrieux Easy Q assay uses real-time NASBA amplification and molecular beacon detection technology and has a range of 50 to 3 million IU(copies)/mL.

²Comparisons were conducted for HAART versus non HAART.

³See Letendre et al, 2008 for more details in the computation of the CPE Ranks.

Table 3  Raw scores and effect sizes on individual NP test measures

		Controls (n = 72)	HCV monoinfected (n = 120)	HIV monoinfected (n = 14)	HIV/HCV coinfected (n = 187)
		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Executive function	Color Trails II (time seconds)	110.08 (32.42)	121.17 (38.64)^a	140.57 (50.42)^b	130.48 (44.15)^b
	WCST (Preservative errors)	15.97 (8.19)	16.03 (9.14)	16.36 (8.51)	15.65 (8.40)
	Category Test (errors)	68.64 (22.01)	63.74 (25.44)^a	69.64 (32.19)	73.13 (27.50)
Verbal fluency	Animal fluency (total correct)	13.56 (3.30)	13.08 (3.38)	12.14 (3.94)^a	12.16 (3.09)^a
	Action fluency (total correct)	7.94 (3.04)	7.33 (2.87)	6.57 (4.25)^a	6.87 (2.65)^a
Attention/WM	PASAT-50 (total correct)	27.89 (9.82)	27.63 (9.43)	21.07 (13.31)^b	24.84 (9.08)^a
	WMS-III Spatial Span	14.72 (3.47)	13.70 (3.26)^a	13.36 (3.65)^a	13.09 (3.30)^b
Learning	HVLT-R Learning (total 3 trials)	17.88 (4.22)	17.99 (5.18)	15.71 (5.61)^a	16.62 (5.16)^a
	BVMT-R Learning (total correct)	15.94 (6.59)	16.20 (7.34)	12.71 (7.94)^a	13.43 (6.95)^a
Memory	HVLT-R Delayed Recall (total correct)	6.06 (2.10)	6.32 (2.44)	5.64 (2.56)^b	5.58 (2.37)^a
	BVMT-R Delayed Recall (total correct)	7.50 (2.73)	7.32 (3.16)	5.71 (3.49)^b	6.04 (3.01)^b
Motor	Grooved Pegboard DH (time seconds)	79.17 (17.18)	78.71 (17.14)	85.64 (17.86)^a	84.58 (25.22)^a
	Grooved Pegboard NDH (time seconds)	83.89 (21.34)	82.23 (21.20)	93.93 (36.86)^a	88.53 (24.22)^a
SIP	WAIS-III Digit Symbol (total correct)	42.11 (14.79)	41.22 (12.49)	35.57 (10.19)^a	35.06 (12.39)^b
	WAIS-III Symbol Search (total correct)	18.94 (7.59)	17.75 (6.89)	12.79 (5.59)^b	14.34 (6.74)^b
	Trail Making Test A (time seconds)	58.69 (18.16)	61.84 (18.13)	66.00 (19.16)^a	66.99 (19.15)^a
	Color Trails I (time seconds)	58.58 (18.36)	61.22 (19.29)	73.07 (30.21)^b	66.40 (22.18)^a
	Stroop color (total completed in 90s)	44.68 (13.20)	46.23 (13.02)	45.07 (15.41)	39.78 (12.41)^a

Eight participants (6 HIV- and 2 HIV+) are not included here because their HCV status is unknown.

SIP: Speed of Information Processing, WM: Working Memory, WCST: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, HVLT-R: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test –Revised, BVMT-R: Benton Visual Retention Test-Revised.

^aSmall effect size (d=.20–.49) with controls as reference.

^bMedium effect size (d=.50–.79) with controls as reference.

Effect size computations were corrected for small sample size (N<20) using Hedges procedure when appropriate.

Figure 1  Effect sizes on ability domains (Mean domain T-scores) and the total test battery (Global Mean T-scores) for infected groups as compared to 72 controls

Table 4  Cognitive complaints, IADL dependence and employment in controls, HCV monoinfected, HIV monoinfected, and coinfected groups

	Controls (n = 72)	HCV monoinfected (n = 120)	HIV monoinfected (n = 14)	HIV/HCV coinfected (n = 187)	P
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Cognitive complaints (PAOFI)^1	3.35 (4.12)	3.59 (4.82)	4.93 (5.65)	5.28 (5.96)	<.02
Decreased IADL independence^2	0.15 (0.81)	0.13 (0.72)	0.64 (1.28)	0.46 (1.32)	.02
Currently unemployed (%)^3	4.2%	4.2%	28.6%	20.8%	<.0001
Months worked in the last year^4	7.33 (3.03)	7.56 (3.02)	4.57 (3.46)	5.15 (3.46)	<.0001

Mean comparisons with Dunnett's Method, control group as a reference.

¹Co-infected different from controls (p <.03).

²HIV mono-infected different from controls (p = .09).

³HIV mono-infected different from controls (p = .002), Co-infected different from controls (p = .001).

⁴Co-infected different from controls (p < .0001), HIV mono-infected different from controls (p = .01).

Letendre S, Marquie-Beck J, Capparelli E, Best B, Clifford D, Collier AC, Gelman BB, McArthur JC, McCutchan JA, Morgello S, Simpson D, Grant I, Ellis RJ; and the CHARTER Group (2008). Validation of the CNS Penetration-Effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system. Arch Neurol. 65:65–70.

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