Complaint of insomnia as a predictor of aging symptoms in males at a men’s health clinic

Figures & data

Table I.  Description of initial participant sample (N = 231): percentage of characteristics in subjects.

	n = 231	%
Age^†
<40	62	26.84
40–49	81	35.06
50–59	63	27.27
≥60	25	10.82
Education
Junior high school and below	51	22.08
Senior high school and above	180	77.92
Marital status
Single (unmarried, divorced, widowed)	184	79.65
Married/cohabited	47	20.35
Employment
Unemployed	52	22.51
Employed	179	77.49
Waistline^#
<90	158	68.40
≥90	73	31.60
Physical condition
Healthy	106	45.89
With chronic disease	125	54.11
Alcohol consumption
No	139	60.17
Yes	92	39.83
Cigarette smoking
No	150	64.94
Yes	81	35.06
BMI
Underweight	5	2.16
Normal	95	41.13
Overweight	83	35.93
Obese	48	20.78
BDI-II score
≤16	151
>16	80	34.6
BAI score
<14	130	56.28
≥14	101	43.72

^†Age, yr. Mean ± SD = 46.1 ± 11.0; ^#Waistline, cm; BMI, Kg/m²: body mass index; underweight: BMI <18.5, normal: 18.5 ≤ BMI <24, overweight: 24 ≤ BMI < 27 and obese: BMI ≥ 27; BDI-II: Chinese version of the Beck depression inventory-2nd edition; BAI: Chinese version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory.

Table II.  AMS total and subscales scores.

	AMS-PSY score			AMS-SOM score			AMS-SEX score			AMS-TOTAL score
	Mean	SD	p-value	Mean	SD	p-value	Mean	SD	p-value	Mean	SD	p-value
Age^†			0.478			0.949			<0.001***			0.725
<40	11.45	5.36		16.82	5.64		10.16	3.68		38.44	12.48
40–49	11.16	5.14		17.00	5.75		11.64	4.03		39.80	13.26
50–59	10.44	4.25		16.46	5.27		12.52	3.85		39.43	11.20
≥60	9.96	4.22		16.88	4.48		14.84	3.17		41.68	10.07
Employment			0.006**			0.015*			<0.001***			<0.001***
No	12.75	5.51		18.40	5.71		14.02	3.74		45.17	12.15
Yes	10.38	4.56		16.32	5.28		11.20	3.88		37.90	11.69
Waistline^#			0.161			0.060			0.096			0.050*
<90	10.61	4.69		16.34	5.26		11.53	3.88		38.47	11.47
≥90	11.58	5.24		17.78	5.72		12.48	4.27		41.84	13.32
Physical condition			0.138			<0.001***			0.032*			0.004**
Healthy	10.40	4.39		15.46	4.67		11.22	4.12		37.08	11.31
With chronic disease	11.35	5.23		17.92	5.80		12.35	3.88		41.62	12.49
BMI			0.193			0.121			0.058			0.055
Underweight	13.40	3.85		20.80	4.97		15.80	5.81		50.00	9.30
Normal	10.85	5.07		16.26	5.57		11.76	4.15		38.87	12.58
Overweight	10.27	4.15		16.52	4.80		11.31	3.45		38.10	10.38
Obese	11.90	5.59		17.90	6.05		1246	4.30		42.25	13.70
BDI-II score			<0.001***			<0.001***			<0.001***			<0.001***
≤16	8.66	3.12		14.82	4.05		10.90	3.58		34.38	8.40
>16	15.16	4.77		20.51	5.79		13.59	4.23		49.26	12.23
BAI score			<0.001***			<0.001***			<0.001***			<0.001***
<14	8.28	2.96		14.41	4.10		10.50	3.49		33.19	8.12
≥14	14.30	4.78		19.86	5.42		13.54	4.02		47.70	11.62
ISI score			<0.001***			<0.001***			0.002**			<0.001***
<15	9.19	3.60		14.80	4.00		11.10	3.70		35.10	8.90
≥15	13.80	5.40		20.10	5.80		12.90	4.30		46.80	13.40

^†Age, yr. Mean ± SD = 46.1 ± 11.0; ^#Waistline, cm; BMI: body mass index, with underweight: BMI <18.5, normal: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24, overweight: 24 ≤ BMI < 27 and obese: BMI ≥ 27; BDI-II: Chinese version of the Beck depression inventory-2nd edition; BAI: Chinese version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory; ISI: insomnia severity index; AMS: Chinese version of the Aging Males’ Symptoms Rating Scale; AMS-PSY: psychological subscale of the AMS questionnaire; AMS-SOM: somatovegetative subscale of the AMS questionnaire; AMS-SEX: sexual subscale of the AMS questionnaire.

Table III.  Comparison of ISI total scores and AMS total/subscales scores.

	AMS-PSY	AMS-SOM	AMS-SEX	AMS-TOTAL	AMS (16 items)
ISI total scores	0.538*	0.604*	0.283*	0.580*	0.533*
ISI total scores^#	0.413*	0.512*	0.163*	0.470*	0.406*

AMS: Chinese version of the Aging Males’ Symptoms Rating Scale; AMS-PSY: psychological subscale of the AMS questionnaire; AMS-SOM: somatovegetative subscale of the AMS questionnaire; AMS-SEX: sexual subscale of the AMS questionnaire; AMS (16 items): AMS without item 4 (sleep problems).

^#Partial correlation was performed, controlling for the variances of BDI-II and BAI.

*Correlation was significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table IV.  Effect of ISI, BDI-II, BAI and other clinical characteristics on the severity of aging male’ symptoms.

Dependent variable	Predictors without BDI-II and BAI (with ISI)				Predictors with BDI-II and BAI (with ISI)
	Adjusted R^2	β	95%	CI	Adjusted R^2	β	95%	CI
AMS-PSY	0.353	0.519***	0.273	0.414	0.554	0.334***	0.158	0.284
AMS-SOM	0.398	0.573***	0.347	0.498	0.499	0.455***	0.259	0.411
AMS-SEX	0.232	0.286***	0.092	0.219	0.286	0.192**	0.038	0.171
AMS-TOTAL	0.410	0.559***	0.752	1.089	0.553	0.399***	0.498	0.818
AMS (16 items)	0.343	0.512***	0.628	0.957	0.494	0.346***	0.379	0.691
AMS-TOTAL^#	0.340	0.537***	0.668	1.076	0.497	0.401***	0.464	0.839
AMS (16 items)^#	0.289	0.486***	0.542	0.939	0.458	0.345***	0.343	0.709

BDI-II: Chinese version of the Beck depression inventory-2nd edition; BAI: Chinese version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory; ISI: Insomnia Severity Index; AMS: Chinese version of the aging males’ symptoms rating scale; AMS-PSY: psychological subscale of the AMS questionnaire; AMS-SOM: somatovegetative subscale of the AMS questionnaire; AMS-SEX: sexual subscale of the AMS questionnaire; AMS (16 items): AMS without item 4 elimination (sleep problems).

^#We selected participants aged ≥ 40 years (N = 169).

**Statistical significance, p value < 0.01.

***Statistical significance, p value < 0.001.