Low-intermediate dose testosterone replacement therapy by different pharmaceutical preparations improves frailty score in elderly hypogonadal hyperglycaemic patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Anthropometric measures and metabolic parameters of Control (C), Oral testosterone (O), Buccal testosterone (B) and Transdermal testosterone (TT) groups.

		0 months		6 months		6 months versus 0 months	6 months (treated) versus 6 months (control)
Examined parameter	Groups	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p<	p<
Age (years)	Control (C)	68.5	3.7	–	–	ns	–
	Oral testosterone (O)	70.0	3.1	–	–	ns	ns
	Buccal testosterone (B)	69.3	3.0	–	–	ns	ns
	Transdermal testosterone (TT)	70.1	2.9	–	–	ns	ns
BMI, (kg/m^2)	Control (C)	28.4	1.9	28.9	1.9	ns
	Oral testosterone (O)	27.7	1.3	27.3	1.1	ns	ns
	Buccal testosterone (B)	29.4	2.4	27.9	2.0	0.001	ns
	Transdermal testosterone (TT)	28.6	2.0	27.2	2.2	0.001	ns
Testosterone (nmol/L)	Control (C)	5.8	0.9	6.0	1.4	ns
	Oral testosterone (O)	5.5	0.8	5.9	1.1	0.001	ns
	Buccal testosterone (B)	5.6	0.8	11.4	2.0	0.001	0.001
	Transdermal testosterone (TT)	5.7	0.8	10.6	2.1	0.001	0.001
W (cm)	Control (C)	108.1	3.1	108.8	4.2	ns
	Oral testosterone (O)	107.0	2.9	104.2	3.1	0.001	0.001
	Buccal testosterone (B)	108.1	3.8	103.2	3.5	0.001	0.001
	Transdermal testosterone (TT)	108.4	3.3	104.0	3.6	0.001	0.001
FPG (mmol/L)	Control (C)	6.08	0.33	5.94	0.46	ns
	Oral testosterone (O)	5.98	0.29	5.62	0.34	0.01	ns
	Buccal testosterone (B)	6.19	0.28	5.73	0.43	0.001	ns
	Transdermal testosterone (TT)	6.1	0.31	5.54	0.48	0.001	ns
HOMA-IR	Control (C)	4.2	1.0	3.9	1.3	ns
	Oral testosterone (O)	4.2	0.9	2.8	0.8	0.001	ns
	Buccal testosterone (B)	3.9	0.9	2.4	0.5	0.001	0.001
	Transdermal testosterone (TT)	4.1	1.0	2.2	0.6	0.001	0.001

BMI, Body Mass Index; W, Waist Girth; FPG, Fasting Plasma Glucose; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; ns, not significant.

Table 2. Functional parameters of Control (C), Oral testosterone (O), Buccal testosterone (B) and Transdermal testosterone (TT) groups.

		0 months		6 months		6 months versus 0 months	6 months (treated) versus 6 months (control)
Examined parameter	Groups	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p<	p<
AMS score	Control (C)	46.8	12.2	46.1	12.5	ns
	Oral testosterone (O)	48.3	9.9	43.6	9.3	0.001	ns
	Buccal testosterone (B)	46.4	7.5	37.7	7.0	0.001	0.001
	Transdermal testosterone (TT)	47.2	8.1	35.9	8.3	0.001	0.001
Handgrip strength (kg)	Control (C)	26.8	1.5	27.1	2.3	ns
	Oral testosterone (O)	26.8	1.5	28.9	1.6	0.001	0.02
	Buccal testosterone (B)	25.7	2.2	32.4	6.3	0.001	0.001
	Transdermal testosterone (TT)	26.1	1.8	33.1	6.3	0.001	0.001
6MWT (m)	Control (C)	269.6	23.5	264.6	20.1	ns
	Oral testosterone (O)	274.3	17.2	325.7	35.0	0.001	0.02
	Buccal testosterone (B)	276.4	33.0	352.3	34.9	0.001	0.001
	Transdermal testosterone (TT)	271.3	25.7	349.1	35.2	0.001	0.001
LTPA (kCal/d)	Control (C)	371.2	60.0	395.0	85.5	ns
	Oral testosterone (O)	357.5	62.0	432.8	61.6	0.001	0.01
	Buccal testosterone (B)	357.1	76.1	532.2	129.3	0.001	0.001
	Transdermal testosterone (TT)	360.3	63.2	491.6	98.1	0.001	0.001
Frailty score	Control (C)	3.2	0.5	3.5	0.6	ns
	Oral testosterone (O)	3.5	0.6	2.4	0.6	0.001	0.05
	Buccal testosterone (B)	3.9	0.6	0.9	0.6	0.001	0.001
	Transdermal testosterone (TT)	3.6	0.6	1.0	0.5	0.001	0.001

AMS, Aging Males’ Symptoms rating scale; 6-MWT, Six-Minute Walking Test; LTPA, Leisure Time Physical Activity; ns, not significant.