Mutagenicity of Hypericum lysimachioides extracts

Figures & data

Table 1.  Salmonella microsome test results of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol extracts of H. lysimachoides var. lysimachoides on S. typhimurium strains.

Extract Concentration tested μg/plate		Number of His+ revertants per plate (mean ± SD)
		TA98		TA100
		−S9	+S9	−S9	+S9
Control		52.4 ± 4.5	101 ± 8.4	201 ± 17.8	328.8 ± 33.7
DMSO		64 ± 12.2	68.3 ± 18.3	163.3 ± 22.3	169.3 ± 16.2
Sodium azide		-	-	1786 ± 452	1412 ± 339.9
2-AF		81 ± 13	388 ± 16	-	-
Petroleum ether	5	309.3 ± 33.6	324 ± 19.5*	1391.5 ± 212.8	2750.3 ± 362.4**
	15	332 ± 14	341.6 ± 4.4**	1437.3 ± 190	2580.3 ± 339.2**
	30	333.8 ± 38	318.5 ± 24*	1408.5 ± 183.5	2760 ± 452**
	45	346.8 ± 30.3	309.7 ± 39.6*	1349.5 ± 256.7	2672.6 ± 447.7**
	60	204 ± 31.8^a	188 ± 43.2^a*	970.6 ± 177.9^a	1050 ± 396.4^a
Ethyl acetate	5	412.2 ± 102	340.5 ± 20.2*	1835.6 ± 344.7	1556.1 ± 585.6*
	15	379.8 ± 78.3	371 ± 76**	1756.8 ± 287.9	1295 ± 267.5**
	30	397 ± 94	373.1 ± 27.9**	1822.8 ± 261.3	1323 ± 134.9*
	45	270.6 ± 48.2	357 ± 41.8*	1758.6 ± 287.1	1484 ± 144.2**
	60	159.3 ± 56.7^a	184.5 ± 84.5^a*	884.3 ± 413.2^a	971.5 ± 170.2^a*
Hexane	0.1	1324.6 ± 181.5	1192 ± 262.6**	2765.7 ± 681.9	4162.2 ± 739**
	1	1381 ± 214	1206.4 ± 181.6**	2658 ± 589.7	4236.9 ± 875,6*
	10	1418.5 ± 350.5	1267.5 ± 220.9**	2875.8 ± 763	4344.3 ± 627.4**
	25	1350.9 ± 290.8	1272.8 ± 179.8**	2675.4 ± 833.2	4124 ± 1042**
	50	850 ± 463^a	735 ± 237^a**	1354 ± 818.3^a	2382.1 ± 1081.8^a**
Methanol	0.1	363 ± 48.2	615.6 ± 99.2**	1382.3 ± 238.6	5511 ± 657.9**
	1	444.3 ± 91.4	610 ± 171.3**	1408 ± 364.3	5641 ± 784.4**
	10	466.1 ± 53.4	607.6 ± 100.7**	1381 ± 257.9	6386.8 ± 726*
	25	335 ± 79.9	604.7 ± 63.8**	1403.5 ± 134.1	5888 ± 521.7**
	50	239.4 ± 83.3^a	297.5 ± 138.5^a**	815.6 ± 229.2^a	28592.1 ± 679^a*

Values are means ± SD of three replicates.

^aToxicity.

*P < 0.05 (ANOVA).

**P < 0.01 (ANOVA).

Table 2.  The SOS response induction of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol extracts of H. lysimachoides var. lysimachoides in E. coli PQ37.

Extract Concentration tested (μg/assay)		Induction factory*
		S9−	S9+
0.20(4NQO)		3.28 ± 0.55	3.32 ± 0.88
0.10(4NQO)		3.58 ± 0.92	3.64 ± 0.90
Petroleum ether	0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0
	1	0.97 ± 0.11	1.04 ± 0.03
	10	1.17 ± 0.19	1.02 ± 0.04
	20	1.21 ± 0.05	1 ± 0.02
	40	1.38 ± 0.06	1.18 ± 0.24
	60	1.53 ± 0.07	1.23 ± 0.30
	80	1.85 ± 0.05	1.05 ± 0.05
	100	0.85 ± 0.03^a	0.94 ± 0.02
Ethyl acetate	0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0
	1	0.99 ± 0.04	1.11 ± 0.03
	10	1 ± 0.07	1 ± 0.02
	20	1.17 ± 0.05	1.07 ± 0.05
	40	1.5 ± 0.02	1.02 ± 0.30
	60	1.39 ± 0.03	1.13 ± 0.02
	80	1.66 ± 0.04	1.06 ± 0.05
	100	0.9 ± 0.04^a	0.91 ± 0.01
Hexane	0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0
	1	0.99 ± 0.04	0.97 ± 0.01
	10	1 ± 0.02	1.03 ± 0.02
	20	1.17 ± 0.03	1.12 ± 0.04
	40	1.5 ± 0.06	1.15 ± 0.02
	60	1.39 ± 0.05	1.09 ± 0.01
	80	1.66 ± 0.04	1.06 ± 0.03
	100	0.71 ± 0.03^a	0.97 ± 0.02
Methanol	0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0
	1	0.99 ± 0.04	0.98 ± 0.04
	10	1 ± 0.05	1.01 ± 0.01
	20	1.17 ± 0.05	1.07 ± 0.02
	40	1.5 ± 0.6	1.15 ± 0.05
	60	1.39 ± 0.5	1.19 ± 0.03
	80	1.66 ± 0.04	1.06 ± 0.04
	100	0.81 ± 0.5^a	0.9 ± 0.05

Each of β-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase units is average of eight data which were obtained from four experiments.

^aToxic or bacteriostatic effect