Further assessment of Mirazid as antischistosomal drug in experimental schistosomiasis hematobium

Figures & data

Table 1.  Worm burden in hamsters infected with Schistosoma hematobium and treated with Mirazid compared to Praziquantel.

Animal group (6 hamsters each)	Dose × days (mg/kg body weight	Sacrificed after treatment (weeks)	Total number of worm burden (mean ± SD)	% Parasite reduction to control
Control untreated	–	4	45 ± 16.5	–
PZQ-treated	250 × 2	4	2 ± 0.7	95.6*
Mirazid-treated	500 × 6	4	41 ± 14.9	8.8
Control untreated	–	8	48 ± 11.7	–
PZQ-treated	250 × 2	8	0	100*
Mirazid-treated	500 × 6	8	46 ± 7.1	4.2
Control untreated	–	12	46.3 ± 13.9	–
PZQ-treated	250 × 2	12	0	100*
Mirazid-treated	500 × 6	12	44.8 ± 9.91	3.4

*Highly significant (P < 0.001).

Table 2.  Oogram pattern and number of ova/g stool in hamsters infected with S. hematobium and treated with Mirazid compared to Praziquantel.

Animal group (6 hamsters each)	Dose × days (mg/kg body weight)	Sacrifice/weeks after treatment	% Ova (mean ± SD)			Number of ova/g stool
			Immature	Mature	Dead	(Mean ± SD)	% Reduction to control
Untreated control	–	4	51.7 ± 4.3	42 ± 3.7	6.3 ± 0.9	61 ± 13.2	–
PZQ-treated	250 × 2	4	0	0.6*	99.4*	3 ± 0.3	95.1*
Mirazid-treated	500 × 6	4	50.6 ± 3.8	42.7 ± 4.3	6.7 ± 1.5	60 ± 12.5	1.6
Untreated control	–	8	41 ± 3.5	32.5 ± 5.2	26.5 ± 2.5	177 ± 14.5	–
PZQ-treated	250 × 2	8	0	0	100*	0	100*
Mirazid-treated	500 × 6	8	31.9 ± 2.7^♦	37.3 ± 2.9	30.8 ± 2.4	175 ± 15.1	1.1
Untreated control	–	12	26.7 ± 1.5	28.3 ± 1.2	45 ± 2.7	398 ± 39	–
PZQ-treated	250 × 2	12	0	0	100*	0	100*
Mirazid-treated	500 × 6	12	22 ± 2.9 ^♦	26 ± 2.6	52 ± 3.4^♦	325 ± 34^♦	18.3

*Highly significant (P < 0.001); ^♦Significant (P < 0.5).

Table 3.  The number of ova /mg tissues in hamsters infected with S. hematoubium and treated with Mirazid compared to Praziquantel.

Animal group (6 hamsters each)	Dose × days (mg/kg body weight)	Sacrifice after treatment (weeks)	Number of ova/mg tissue (mean ± SD)				% Reduction to control
			Urinary bladder	Liver	Intestine	Total
Control untreated	–	4	18.15 ± 0.6	2.99 ± 0.5	19.92 ± 0.9	41.06 ± 0.7	–
PZQ-treated	250 × 2	4	2.01 ± 0.4	0.35 ± 0.1	2.84 ± 0.3	5.19 ± 0.3*	87.34*
Mirazid-treated	500 × 6	4	17.21 ± 0.6	2.66 ± 0.3	19.74 ± 0.9	39.61 ± 0.6	3.5
Control untreated	–	8	33.42 ± 0.7	14.75 ± 2.5	497.52 ± 4.4	545.69 ± 2.5	–
PZQ -treated	250 × 2	8	0.61 ± 0.1	0.25 ± 0.1	2.69 ± 0.1	3.45 ± 0.1*	97.42*
Mirazid-treated	500 × 6	8	32.42 ± 0.6	13.42 ± 2.5	478.54 ± 14.9	524.38 ± 5.9	3.9
Control untreated	–	12	37.8 ± 13.5	14.6 ± 1.04	522.9 ± 31.4	575.4 ± 15.3	–
PZQ-treated	250 × 2	12	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	1.9 ± 0.1	2.1 ± 0.1*	99.6*
Mirazid-treated	500 × 6	12	37.3 ± 6.4	14.3 ± 1.3	493.6 ± 24.8	545.2 ± 18.1	5.2

*Highly significant (P < 0.001).

Figure 1.  Photomicrographs of control untreated and treated male Schistosoma haematobium worms as observed by a scanning electron microscope. (a) Dorsal surface of (control) untreated worms shows intact tubercles, spines and sensory bulbs. (b) Intact ventral surface of untreated control worms. (c) Dorsal surface of worms treated with Mirazid still shows intact tubercles, spines and sensory bulbs at 3 months post-treatment. (d) Intact ventral surface at 3 months Mirazid treatment time. (e) Extensive disruption of the tegument at one month PZQ treatment time. (f) Shrinkage ventral surface of worms at one month PZQ treatment time.