Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of spider brake (Pteris multifida) with rats fed a high cholesterol diet

Figures & data

Table 1.  Changes of body weight, daily feed intake and feed conversion efficiency in SD rats fed different diets during experiment period.

Group	Body weight (g)		Daily feed intake (g)	Feed conversion efficiency (%)
	Initial	Final
HC	104.4 ± 1.9^a	465.9 ± 4.5^a	26.2 ± 1.3^a	24.6 ± 2.6^a
LSB-1	103.5 ± 1.7^a	460.1 ± 4.6^a	26.2 ± 0.9^a	24.3 ± 2.1^ab
LSB-5	105.7 ± 1.6^a	454.1 ± 3.1^ab	25.6 ± 1.2^a	24.3 ± 2.4^ab
LSB-10	103.9 ± 2.0^a	450.3 ± 3.2^b	25.7 ± 1.2^a	24.0 ± 2.6^b
Sitosterol	105.0 ± 1.6^a	447.3 ± 4.0^b	25.6 ± 1.1^a	23.9 ± 2.7^b

Animals were fed for 8 weeks. HC, high cholesterol diet (1% cholesterol + 0.05% cholic acid +5% lard); LSB-1, HC plus 1% LSB; LSB-5, HC plus 5% LSB; LSB-10, HC plus 10% LSB; Sitosterol, HC plus 1% β-sitosterol. Results were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8). Means in the same column followed by different letters are significant (P < 0.05).

Table 2.  Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C concentration, and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratio of rats fed different diets.

Group	Cholesterol (mmol/L)	Triglyceride (mmol/L)	HDL-C (mmol/L)	LDL-C (mmol/L)	LDL-C/HDL-C ratio
HC	2.65 ± 0.19^a	0.57 ± 0.07^a	1.01 ± 0.27^a	1.95 ± 0.19^a	1.93 ± 0.44^a
LSB-1	2.59 ± 0.18^a	0.57 ± 0.06^a	1.00 ± 0.26^a	1.73 ± 0.27^a	1.73 ± 0.65^a
LSB-5	2.35 ± 0.2^b	0.44 ± 0.07^b	1.01 ± 0.30^a	1.68 ± 0.24^a	1.66 ± 0.73^a
LSB-10	2.32 ± 0.21^b	0.36 ± 0.10^c	0.98 ± 0.26^a	1.54 ± 0.23^b	1.57 ± 0.50^b
Sitosterol	2.05 ± 0.23^c	0.25 ± 0.06^d	0.97 ± 0.23^a	1.56 ± 0.24^b	1.70 ± 0.71^a

Results were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8). Data with the same superscript in the same column were not different (P > 0.05).

Table 3.  Liver weight, relative liver weight, liver lipid concentration, adipose weight, and relative adipose weight of rats fed with different diets.

Group	Liver				Adipose weight (g)	Relative adipose weight (%, w/w)
	Weight (g)	Relative liver weight (%, w/w)	Cholesterol (μ mol/g liver)	Triglyceride (μ mol/g liver)
HC	22.5 ± 2.6^a	4.9 ± 0.3^a	29.78 ± 3.97^a	42.76 ± 5.32^a	6.1 ± 1.1^a	1.4 ± 0.3^a
LSB-1	21.8 ± 2.3^a	4.7 ± 0.5^ab	30.23 ± 4.12^a	39.99 ± 4.72^a	6.2 ± 1.2^a	1.3 ± 0.4^a
LSB-5	20.7 ± 2.1^a	4.6 ± 0.4^b	29.35 ± 4.17^a	37.56 ± 4.87^a	5.8 ± 1.4^a	1.3 ± 0.3^a
LSB-10	20.5 ± 2.6^a	4.6 ± 0.3^b	26.75 ± 3.12^b	36.65 ± 4.01^b	5.3 ± 1^b	1.2 ± 0.2^b
Sitosterol	20.6 ± 2.6^a	4.6 ± 0.4^b	27.62 ± 2.88^b	37.98 ± 5.60^a	5.5 ± 1.3^b	1.2 ± 0.3^b

Results were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8). Data with the same superscript in the same column were not different (P > 0.05).

Table 4.  Fecal wet weight, dry wet, neutral steroids, bile acid, and nitrogen compounds of rats fed different diets.

Group	Wet weight (or dry weight) (g/day)	Nitrogen compounds (mg/day)	Neutral steroids (mmol/L)	Bile acid (mmol/L)
HC	5.73 ± 0.29^b	114 ± 2^b	39.53 ± 6.2^c	2.32 ± 0.43^b
	(4.44 ± 0.53^b)
LSB-1	5.86 ± 0.34^b	117 ± 4^b	38.83 ± 6.38^c	2.29 ± 0.51^b
	(4.59 ± 0.58^b)
LSB-5	6.25 ± 0.39^a	135 ± 3^a	42.76 ± 5.42^b	2.39 ± 0.49^a
	(4.85 ± 0.49^a)
LSB-10	6.28 ± 0.36^a	141 ± 4^a	43.37 ± 5.88^b	2.40 ± 0.58^a
	(4.91 ± 0.38^a)
Sitosterol	6.18 ± 0.42^a	138 ± 5^a	47.18 ± 7.64^a	2.41 ± 0.47^a
	(4.86 ± 0.41^a)

Results were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8). Data with the same superscript in the same column were not different (P > 0.05). Values in parenthesis mean dry weights.

Table 5.  Selected hypolipidemic components of lyophilized powder of spider brake powder.

Components	Content
Total dietary fiber (%)	4.51 ± 0.13
Insoluble dietary fiber (%)	4.20 ± 0.11
Soluble dietary fiber (%)	0.31 ± 0.07
β-sitosterol (mg/g)	1.38 ± 0.04
β-carotene (mg/g)	9.71 ± 0.16
Phenolic content (mg/g)	2.48 ± 0.25
Apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (μg/g)	5.46 ± 0.01
Luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (μg/g)	8.28 ± 0.01

Results were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).