Hippophae rhamnoides attenuates nicotine-induced oxidative stress in rat liver

Figures & data

Figure 1.  The effects of nicotine, and nicotine plus vitamin E or Hippophae rhamnoides L. extract (HRe-1) on malondialdehyde level in liver tissue of the rat. *Nicotine group vs. control (p < 0.01), nicotine + vitamin E (p < 0.05), and nicotine + HRe-1 (p < 0.05) groups. The results are mean ± SD. The group means were compared with one-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD test.

Table 1.  The effects of nicotine, and nicotine plus vitamin E or Hippophae rhamnoides L. extract (HRe-1) on total and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activities (TSSA and NSSA), antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, and also nitric oxide (NO) level in liver tissue of the rat.

	Control	Nicotine	Nicotine + vitamin E	Nicotine + HRe-1
TSSA (U/mg protein)	39.93 ± 3.11	37.33 ± 5.54	43.00 ± 4.00	42.17 ± 6.27
NSSA (U/mg protein)	33.50 ± 5.26	31.17 ± 5.78	31.83 ± 2.64	32.50 ± 6.28
SOD (U/mg protein)	6.25 ± 4.79	6.25 ± 2.04	11.17 ± 3.66^a	9.83 ± 3.60
GR (U/mg protein)	1.30 ± 0.29	1.93 ± 0.54^b	1.74 ± 0.23	1.83 ± 0.58
GST (U/mg protein)	0.48 ± 0.15	0.70 ± 0.26	0.85 ± 0.30	0.72 ± 0.57
GPX (IU/mg protein)	0.41 ± 0.09^c	0.32 ± 0.04	0.36 ± 0.08	0.31 ± 0.03
NO (nmol/mg protein)	5.97 ± 2.22	9.30 ± 1.35^d,e	7.10 ± 1.42	6.07 ± 2.11

Note. Results are mean ± SD. Group means were compared with one-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD test.

^aNicotine + vitamin E vs. nicotine and control, p < 0.05.

^bNicotine vs. control, p < 0.05.

^cControl vs. nicotine and nicotine + HRe-1, p < 0.05.

^dNicotine vs. nicotine + vitamin E, p < 0.05.

^eNicotine vs. nicotine + HRe-1 and control, p < 0.01.