Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic properties of the aqueous extract of Clematis brachiata leaf in male rats

Figures & data

Table 1.  Effect of aqueous extract of Clematis brachiata leaves on carrageenan-induced edema paw volume in male Wistar rats; n = 6, × ± SD.

Treatment groups	Dose (mg/kg body weight)	Right hind paw volume (mm)
		0.5 h	1 h	2 h	4 h	6 h	24 h
Control	0	1.27 ± 0.09^a	1.74 ± 0.07^a	1.76 ± 0.05^a	1.76 ± 0.05^a	1.74 ± 0.07^a	1.54 ± 0.06^a
Indomethacin	10	0.53 ± 0.09^b (58.26)	0.65 ± 0.09^b (62.64)	0.71 ± 0.05^b (59.65)	0.57 ± 0.03^b (67.61)	0.55 ± 0.02^b (68.75)	0.38 ± 0.06^b (75.53)
Extract	100	1.21 ± 0.07^a (1.29)	1.76 ± 0.08^a (-1.14)	1.80 ± 0.08^c (-2.27)	1.58 ± 0.09^c (10.27)	1.39 ± 0.03^c (21.02)	1.39 ± 0.05^c (9.74)
Extract	200	0.97 ± 0.09^c (23.62)	1.09 ± 0.09^c (37.35)	1.27 ± 0.04^d (27.84)	1.05 ± 0.05^d (40.34)	0.99 ± 0.08^d (48.29)	0.48 ± 0.03^d 68.83
Extract	400	0.46 ± 0.04^d (63.77)	1.01 ± 0.09^c (41.95)	1.09 ± 0.04^e (38.06)	0.75 ± 0.05^e (57.38)	0.52 ± 0.02^b (70.45)	0.31 ± 0.02^b (79.87)

Values in brackets denote percentage inhibition of the edema paw volume.

^a-eTest values carrying superscripts different from the control for each observation period are significantly different (P <0.05).

Table 2.  Effect of aqueous extract of Clematis brachiata leaves on indomethacin on histamine-induced edema in male Wistar rats; n = 6, × ± SD.

Treatment groups	Dose (mg/kg body weight)	Right hind paw volume (mm)
		1 h	2 h	4 h	6 h
Control	0	0.89 ± 0.03^a	1.18 ± 0.04^a	1.18 ± 0.04^a	1.08 ± 0.02^a
Indomethacin	10	0.47 ± 0.07^b (47.19)	0.30 ± 0.02^b (74.57)	0.19 ± 0.02^b (83.89)	0.16 ± 0.02^b (85.18)
Extract	100	0.75 ± 0.06^c (15.73)	0.85 ± 0.03^c (27.96)	0.47 ± 0.06^c (60.01)	0.47 ± 0.06^c (56.48)
Extract	200	0.73 ± 0.04^c (19.97)	0.81 ± 0.06^c (26.57)	0.44 ± 0.05^c (62.71)	0.44 ± 0.02^c (59.25)
Extract	400	0.68 ± 0.07^d (23.59)	0.42 ± 0.05^d (64.40)	0.29 ± 0.02^d (75.42)	0.18 ± 0.02^b (83.33)

Values in brackets denote percentage inhibition of the edema paw volume.

^a-eTest values carrying superscripts different from the control for each observation period are significantly different (P <0.05).

Table 3.  Effect of aqueous extract of Clematis brachiata leaves on writhing induced by acetic acid in male Wistar rats; n = 6, × ± SD.

Treatment groups	Dose (mg/kg body weight)	Number of writhing within 30 min	Percentage inhibition
Control	0	19.83 ± 0.75^a	0
Indomethacin	10	8.17 ± 0.75^b	58.85
Extract	100	9.83 ± 0.98^b	50.42
Extract	200	4.16 ± 0.75^c	79.02
Extract	400	1.16 ± 0.40^d	94.15

^a-eTest values carrying superscripts different from the control for each observation period are significantly different (P <0.05).

Table 4.  Effect of aqueous extract of Clematis brachiata leaves on formalin-induced pain in male Wistar rats; n = 6, × ± SD.

Treatment Groups	Doses (mg/kg body weight)	Number of licks (s)
		0-5 min		15-30 min
		Score of pain (%)	Inhibition	Score of pain (%)	Inhibition
Control	0	21.66 ± 1.21^a	0	13.33 ± 1.03^a	0
Indomethacin	10	10.5 ± 0.83^b	51.52	8.33 ± 0.75^b	37.5
Extract	100	17.33 ± 0.51^c	19.99	10.5 ± 0.54^c	21.23
Extract	200	15.83 ± 0.75^d	25.39	8.16 ± 0.75^d	38.78
Extract	400	8.66 ± 0.51^e	60.01	7.5 ± 1.04^e	43.73

^a-eTest values carrying superscripts different from the control for each observation period are significantly different (P <0.05).

Table 5.  Effect of aqueous extract of Clematis brachiata leaves on tail immersion test in Wistar rats; n = 6, × ± SD.

Treatment groups	Dose (mg/kg body weight)	Time (h)
		0	0.5	1	2	4
Control	0	3.57 ± 0.03	3.59 ± 0.05^a	3.58 ± 0.08^a	3.48 ± 0.07^a	3.48 ± 0.05^a
Indomethacin	10	3.47 ± 0.06	3.44 ± 0.09^a	3.69 ± 0.05^b	3.86 ± 0.08^b	4.11 ± 0.05^b
Extract	100	3.53 ± 0.05	3.73 ± 0.06^b	3.72 ± 0.05^b	3.74 ± 0.17^c	3.72 ± 0.19^c
Extract	200	3.43 ± 0.07	3.50 ± 0.08^a	3.74 ± 0.07^b	3.76 ± 0.06^c	3.71 ± 0.07^c
Extract	400	3.53 ± 0.09	3.75 ± 0.07^b	3.88 ± 0.05^c	3.87 ± 0.08^b	3.97 ± 0.07^d

^a-eTest values carrying superscripts different from the control for each observation period are significantly different (P<0.05).

Figure 1.  Effect of aqueous extract of Clematis brachiata leaves on Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in male Wistar rats, n = 6. t0a, initial body temperature prior to injection of Brewer’s yeast; t0b, body temperature 18 h after injection of Brewer’s yeast.