Evaluation of Bauhinia monandra aqueous and ethanol extracts in pregnant rats

Figures & data

Table 1.  Body weight, weight gain, food and water intake of the control and experimental dams treated during gestation with the aqueous or the ethanol extract of B. monandra leaves.

Day or interval of days	Aqueous extract				Ethanol extract
	Control^a	1,400 mg/kg^a	Control^a	7,000 mg/kg^a	Control^b	1,400 mg/kg^b	7,000 mg/kg^b
Body weight
01	189.5 ± 7.8	189.2 ± 7.9	189.5 ± 5.3	184.1 ± 8.2	207.4 ± 5.0	212.8 ± 3.9	201.9 ± 5.8
07	204.2 ± 8.1	207.0 ± 8.9	202.6 ± 7.2	194.5 ± 6.5	213.3 ± 5.8	220.3 ± 5.4	212.0 ± 6.4
14	223.3 ± 8.5	227.1 ± 8.9	217.2 ± 7.6	214.8 ± 6.6	234.4 ± 5.9	247.0 ± 4.6	235.2 ± 6.9
20	271.2 ± 7.9	272.5 ± 10.8	248.9 ± 8.7	243.3 ± 8.4	274.9 ± 6.3	288.0 ± 5.6	275.4 ± 9.9
Weight gain
01-07	14.8 ± 1.4	17.8 ± 3.1	12.8 ± 2.41	15.2 ± 3.2	5.9 ± 3.1	7.5 ± 1.5	10.1 ± 1.7
07-14	19.1 ± 1.5	20.1 ± 1.4	16.9 ± 1.6	20.9 ± 4.7	18.3 ± 2.7	24.2 ± 1.4	21.6 ± 1.0
14-20	47.9 ± 4.9	45.5 ± 3.9	29.4 ± 3.9	26.7 ± 1.6	43.2 ± 1.9	43.5 ± 3.3	41.7 ± 3.7
01-20	81.8 ± 4.5	83.3 ± 7.2	59.1 ± 4.9	62.6 ± 5.6	67.4 ± 2.9	75.2 ± 3.1	73.5 ± 4.8
Food intake
01	13.2 ± 0.4	13.3 ± 0.8	17.0 ± 0.8	16.4 ± 0.9	13.2 ± 0.8	12.5 ± 1.3	13.9 ± 0.6
07	15.5 ± 0.7	14.8 ± 1.4	20.7 ± 1.78	20.8 ± 0.8	16.3 ± 1.0	16.6 ± 1.0	19.6 ± 4.0
14	18.5 ± 0.7	20.9 ± 2.3	19.7 ± 0.9	19.2 ± 2.0	19.4 ± 0.8	20.9 ± 0.4	19.3 ± 0.6
20	19.6 ± 0.6	17.7 ± 0.5	18.9 ± 1.9	20.5 ± 1.4	19.1 ± 2.4	16.7 ± 1.7	18.3 ± 0.7
Water intake
01	28.5 ± 0.5	32.6 ± 3.7	18.9 ± 1.9	20.5 ± 1.4	22.6 ± 1.1	26.3 ± 0.9	24.5 ± 0.3
07	32.7 ± 1.1	40.7 ± 3.6	36.8 ± 2.6	42.9 ± 2.8	25.5 ± 0.3	26.3 ± 1.3	25.8 ± 2.9
14	46.4 ± 2.2	45.4 ± 3.6	48.9 ± 1.3	38.5 ± 5.3	33.9 ± 1.5	35.5 ± 1.6	34.7 ± 1.0
20	45.1 ± 1.6	49.4 ± 2.7	50.3 ± 1.6	49.4 ± 3.8	46.0 ± 3.6	40.8 ± 2.0	37.5 ± 3.8

^aStudent t-test; ^bANOVA.

Figure 1.  Liver tissue portions (100 ×) of control (A) and experimental (B, C, D and E) dams. Observe the mild congestion in the hepatocytes of the 7,000 mg/kg aqueous extract dose treated dams (C arrows). (B) and (C) 1,400 and 7,000 mg/kg/day aqueous extract, respectively. (D) and (E) 1,400 and 7,000 mg/kg/day ethanol extract, respectively.

Figure 2.  Kidney tissue portions (100 ×) of control (A) and experimental (B, C, D and E) dams. Observe the mild congestion in the renal ductile cells of the 7,000 mg/kg/day aqueous dose treated dams (C arrows). (B) and (C) 1,400 and 7,000 mg/kg/day aqueous extract, respectively. (D) and (E) 1,400 and 7,000 mg/kg/day ethanol extract, respectively.

Figure 3.  Pancreas tissue portions (100 ×) of control (A) and experimental (B, C, D and E) dams. Observe the mild congestion and increased islets of Langerhans size of the 7,000 mg/kg/day aqueous dose treated dams (C arrows). (B) and (C) 1,400 and 7,000 mg/kg/day aqueous extract, respectively. (D) and (E) 1,400 and 7,000 mg/kg/day ethanol extract, respectively.

Figure 4.  Spleen tissue portions (100 ×) of control (A) and experimental (B, C, D and E) dams. Observe the moderate poliviscera and splenic congestion at the 7,000mg/kg/day aqueous dose treated dams (C-arrows). (B) and (C) 1,400 and 7,000 mg/kg/day aqueous extract, respectively. (D) and (E) 1,400 and 7,000 mg/kg/day ethanol extract, respectively.

Table 2.  Organ weight/body weight ratio and serum biochemical parameters of control and experimental dams treated during gestation with the aqueous or the ethanol extract of B. monandra leaves (data × 10⁻²).

Organ	Aqueous extract				Ethanol extract
	Control^a	1,400 mg/kg^a	Control^a	7,000 mg/kg^a	Control^b	1,400 mg/kg^b	7,000 mg/kg^b
Liver	3.832 ± 0.034	3.962 ± 0.038	4.433 ± 0.084	4.42 ± 0.2083	4.234 ± 0.161	4.223 ± 0.134	4.103 ± 0.110
Kidney	0.272 ± 0.011	0.302 ± 0.015	0.321 ± 0.015	0.34 ± 0.016	0.26 ± 0.025	0.25 ± 0.022	0.233 ± 0.021
Spleen	0.002 ± 0.028	0.278 ± 0.023	0.273 ± 0.026	0.309 ± 0.0274	0.2 ± 0.032	0.15 ± 0.022	0.167 ± 0.021
Pancreas	0.151 ± 0.01	0.126 ± 0.006	0.122 ± 0.013	0.13 ± 0.01	0.095 ± 0.012	0.142 ± 0.008	0.135 ± 0.002
Uterus	1.16 ± 0.066	1.049 ± 0.074	1.117 ± 0.082	1.315 ± 0.082	1.114 ± 0.023	1.224 ± 0.063	1.253 ± 0.072
Ovary	0.341 ± 0.002	0.37 ± 0.002	0.301 ± 0.002	0.031 ± 0.002	0.041 ± 0.006	0.038 ± 0.004	0.041 ± 0.004

^aStudent t-test; ^bANOVA.

Table 3.  Biochemical serum parameters of the rats treated with the aqueous extract during pregnancy.

	Control	1,400 mg/kg	Control	7,000 mg/kg
AST (U/L)	174.32 ± 18.36	126.14 ± 10.52*	148.45 ± 5.36	143.41 ± 1.35
ALT (U/L)	94.57 ± 10.46	88.57 ± 5.43	97.25 ± 5.15	88.75 ± 1.85
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.49 ± 0.05	0.52 ± 0.06	0.6 ± 0.041	0.53 ± 0.03
Urea (mg/dL)	67.14 ± 3.5	59.71 ± 4.81	56.75 ± 0.85	53.01 ± 4.55

Student t-test; *p<.05.

Table 4.  Reproductive performance of the control and experimental dams treated during gestation with the aqueous or the ethanol extract of B. monandra leaves.

Parameters	Aqueous extract				Ethanol extract
	Control^a	1,400 mg/kg^a	Control^a	7,000 mg/kg^a	Control^b	1,400 mg/kg^b	7,000 mg/kg^b
Litter weight	30.4 ± 2.58	33.46 ± 3.22	13.63 ± 1.18	13.97 ± 0.54	22.66 ± 1.44	25.49 ± 1.43	25.04 ± 2.15
Number of fetuses	8.71 ± 0.64	9.14 ± 0.86	8.5 ± 0.56	9.6 ± 0.6	9.8 ± 0.49	10.83 ± 0.54	11.0 ± 0.93
Number of dead fetuses	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pre-implantation loss	19.2 ± 7.12	2.86 ± 2.86*	19.05 ± 4.85	5.66 ± 2.33*	5.71 ± 2.37	9.37 ± 5.15	2.56 ± 2.56
Post-implantation loss	6.64 ± 3.42	2.62 ± 1.7	5.56 ± 2.58	2.22 ± 2.22	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	1.39 ± 1.39
Implantation %	81.8 ± 2.2	97.14 ± 2.86*	80.94 ± 3.85	94.33 ± 2.33*	94.29 ± 2.38	90.62 ± 5.15	97.43 ± 2.57
Number of corpora lutea in right ovary	6.14 ± 0.83	5.29 ± 1.09	6.16 ± 0.83	5.0 ± 0.45	6.2 ± 1.16	7.17 ± 1.08	5.5 ± 0.62
Number of corpora lutea in left ovary	6.0 ± 1.07	4.43 ± 0.81	5.0 ± 0.82	5.4 ± 0.24	4.2 ± 0.80	5.0 ± 0.68	5.83 ± 0.87

^aStudent t-test; ^bANOVA; *p <0.05.