Antianxiety activity of Gelsemium sempervirens

Figures & data

Table 1.  Fractionation of bioactive methanol extract of G. sempervirens roots and rhizomes using column chromatography.

Fraction	Eluent	Yield (g)
F1	CHCl3	2.50
	CHCl3:MeOH (49:1)
F2	CHCl3:MeOH (49:1)	1.74
F3	CHCl3:MeOH (49:1)	4.44
F4	CHCl3:MeOH (19:1)	1.74
F5	CHCl3:MeOH (19:1)	13.5
	CHCl3:MeOH (9:1)
F6	CHCl3:MeOH (17:3)	4.67
F7	CHCl3:MeOH (3:1)	12.05
F8	CHCl3;MeOH (3:1)	15.26
F9	CHCl3:MeOH (1:1)	46.55
F10	CHCl3:MeOH (1:3)	33.05
F11	MeOH	105.31

Table 2.  Antianxiety activity of various fractions obtained from methanol extract of G. sempervirens in EPM model.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Mean^r entries in open arms ± SEM	Mean^r time spent in open arms ± SEM (s)
Control	Vehicle	0.4 ± 0.22*	2.0 ± 1.1*
Diazepam	2.5	8.2 ± 0.34^a	12.3 ± 1.1^a
F1	5	1.4 ± 0.22	1.9 ± 0.36
	10	1.4 ± 0.46	2.3 ± 0.60
	15	1.4 ± 0.46	2.7 ± 0.63
	25	1.2 ± 0.34	2.8 ± 0.67
F2	5	1.4 ± 0.36	3.1 ± 0.71
	10	1.6 ± 0.54	3.0 ± 0.70
	15	2.0 ± 0.28	4.7 ± 0.70
	25	2.0 ± 0.28	3.4 ± 0.26
F3	5	1.2 ± 0.34	2.7 ± 0.63
	10	1.6 ± 0.22	3.7 ± 1.09
	15	2.0 ± 0.28	3.8 ± 0.19
	25	1.4 ± 0.22	3.5 ± 1.10
F4	5	1.2 ± 0.22	2.7 ± 0.81
	10	1.4 ± 0.34	3.0 ± 0.43
	15	1.0 ± 0.34	4.0 ± 0.28
	25	1.0 ± 0.22	2.8 ± 0.67
F5	5	1.2 ± 0.18	3.2 ± 0.18
	10	1.4 ± 0.22	2.7 ± 0.49
	15	1.2 ± 0.18	3.5 ± 0.20
	25	1.2 ± 0.18	3.7 ± 0.18
F6	5	1.4 ± 0.22	3.0 ± 0.28
	10	1.2 ± 0.18	2.2 ± 0.34
	15	1.2 ± 0.18	3.0 ± 0.40
	25	1.2 ± 0.18	3.0 ± 0.28
F7	5	1.8 ± 0.53	2.9 ± 0.19
	10	2.2 ± 0.18	2.8 ± 0.30
	15	2.4 ± 0.46	3.3 ± 0.18
	25	1.8 ± 0.53	2.8 ± 0.23
F8	5	2.2 ± 0.53	1.9 ± 0.47
	10	2.0 ± 0.50	2.5 ± 0.27
	15	2.2 ± 0.53	3.1 ± 0.44
	25	2.2 ± 0.53	3.6 ± 0.59
F9	5	4.6 ± 0.61*^a	4.2 ± 0.33
	10	6.6 ± 0.22*^a	12.8 ± 0.63*^a
	15	5.8 ± 0.34*^a	9.9 ± 0.59*^a
	25	3.8 ± 0.34	7.2 ± 0.39*
F10	5	2.0 ± 0.28	3.7 ± 0.39
	10	1.4 ± 0.22	3.1 ± 0.90
	15	2.0 ± 0.28	3.5 ± 0.33
	25	1.6 ± 0.22	3.3 ± 0.27
F11	5	1.8 ± 0.34	3.1 ± 0.36
	10	2.0 ± 0.28	3.3 ± 0.63
	15	1.6 ± 0.22	2.7 ± 0.39
	25	0.8 ± 0.18	2.8 ± 0.67

^rn = 5, values are expressed as mean ± SEM (standard error of mean). ANOVA followed by studentized Tukey test showed a significant treatment effect: ^ap < 0.05 versus control, *p < 0.05 versus diazepam.

Table 3.  Fractionation of F9 using column chromatography.

Fraction	Eluent	Yield (g)
F 9.1	CHCl3	4.91
	CHCl3:MeOH (49:1)
F9.2	CHCl3:MeOH (49:1)	7.28
F9.3	CHCl3:MeOH (9:1)	4.72
	CHCl3:MeOH (17:3)
F9.4	CHCl3:MeOH (17:3)	9.13
	CHCl3:MeOH (3:1)
F9.5	CHCl3:MeOH (3:1)	3.44
	CHCl3:MeOH (1:1)
F9.6	CHCl3:MeOH (1:1)	3.95
	CHCl3:MeOH (1:3)
F9.7	CHCl3:MeOH (1:3)	5.92
	MeOH

Table 4.  Antianxiety activity of various fractions derived from F9 of G. sempervirens using EPM model.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Mean^r entries in open arms ± SEM	Mean^r time spent in open arms ± SEM (s)
Control	Vehicle	0.4 ± 0.22*	2.0 ± 1.1*
Diazepam	2.5	8.2 ± 0.34^a	12.3 ± 1.1^a
F 9.1	2	0.4 ± 0.22	1.4 ± 0.79
	5	0.6 ± 0.22	2.0 ± 0.76
	10	0.6 ± 0.22	2.6 ± 1.01
	20	0.4 ± 0.22	2.2 ± 1.30
F9.2	2	1.0 ± 0.40	2.1 ± 0.79
	5	1.2 ± 0.18	3.9 ± 0.96
	10	1.6 ± 0.36	4.4 ± 1.02
	20	0.8 ± 0.34	2.6 ± 0.90
F9.3	2	0.8 ± 0.18	3.0 ± 0.70
	5	1.6 ± 0.22	3.0 ± 0.50
	10	1.4 ± 0.61	3.0 ± 0.76
	20	1.8 ± 0.34	4.5 ± 1.02
F9.4	2	4.8 ± 0.34*^a	7.8 ± 0.47*^a
	5	5.2 ± 0.53*^a	8.8 ± 0.60 ^*a
	10	6.6 ± 0.36*^a	11.4 ± 0.30*^a
	20	3.2 ± 0.34	4.4 ± 0.41
F9.5	2	1.0 ± 0.20	2.0 ± 0.64
	5	1.6 ± 0.22	3.1 ± 0.36
	10	1.4 ± 0.22	3.8 ± 0.20
	20	1.4 ± 0.36	3.5 ± 0.20
F9.6	2	3.0 ± 0.28	4.1 ± 0.26
	5	3.2 ± 0.34	4.2 ± 0.32
	10	2.2 ± 0.34	4.9 ± 0.51
	15	1.6 ± 0.22	3.5 ± 0.45
F9.7	2	1.8 ± 0.34	3.3 ± 0.29
	5	1.2 ± 0.18	5.0 ± 0.64
	10	1.4 ± 0.36	3.0 ± 0.75
	15	1.0 ± 0.40	2.9 ± 1.21

^rn = 5, values are expressed as mean ± SEM. ANOVA followed by studentized Tukey test showed a significant treatment effect: ^ap < 0.05 versus control, *p < 0.05 versus diazepam.

Figure 1.  Comparative profile of mean number of entries in open arms on EPM by mice treated with various extracts of G. sempervirens. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

Figure 2.  Comparative profile of mean time spent in open arms on EPM by mice treated with various extracts of G. sempervirens. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM.