Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Egyptian moraceous plants against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and liver damage in rats

Figures & data

Table 1.  Effect of methanol extracts of Ficus carica (F.c.) leaves, fruits and Morus alba (M.a.) root bark on blood glutathione (GSH) content, activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rats that received CCl₄.

Groups	GSH	SOD	CAT	MDA
	mg/dL	mg/dL	µmol/mL	µmol/L
Control	68.29 ± 1.52†‡	75.43 ± 2.37†	2.11 ± 0.1†	57.05 ± 2.07†
	100%	100%	100%	100%
CCl4	50.6 ± 2.04*‡	54.56 ± 2.74*‡	1.53 ± 0.12*‡	72.55 ± 2.1*‡
	74.09%	72.33%	72.38%	127.17%
Silymarin + CCl4	65.7 ± 2.28*†	73.22 ± 1.86†	2.14 ± 0.15†	57.77 ± 1.51†
	96.21%	97.07%	101.42%	101.27%
F.c. leaf + CCl4	83.31 ± 1.77*†‡	75.3 ± 2.52†	2.08 ± 0.13†	57.99 ± 1.49†
	122%	99.83%	98.58%	101.66%
M.a. root bark+ CCl4	64.98 ± 2.17*†	70.63 ± 1.36*†	1.93 ± 0.13*†‡	56.44 ± 2.94†
	95.16%	93.64%	91.47%	98.94%
F.c. fruit + CCl4	63.32 ± 2.37*†	73.66 ± 2.6†	2.06 ± 0.15†	56.77 ± 0.83†
	92.72%	97.65%	97.63%	99.52%

Values are given as mean ± SD from six rats in each group; CCl₄ group (receiving CCl₄ alone) is compared with control group and silymarin group (receiving silymarin along with CCl₄); experimental groups are compared with normal, CCl₄ and silymarin groups; values are statistically significant at P <0.05, ^*as compared with the control group; ^†as compared with CCl₄ group; ^‡as compared with silymarin group.

Table 2.  Effect of methanol extracts of Ficus carica (F.c.) leaves, fruits and Morus alba (M.a.) root bark on plasma ALT, AST, ALP activity levels, total protein and total bilirubin in rats that received CCl₄.

Groups	ALT	AST	ALP	Total protein	Total bilirubin
	U/L	U/L	U/L	g/dL	mg/dL
Control	25 ± 1.55†	47.51 ± 2.02†‡	65.67 ± 1.26†	6.95 ± 0.42†	0.3888 ± 0.03†‡
	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%
CCl4	32 ± 1.41*‡	62 ± 0.71*‡	83.27 ± 1.96*‡	5.3 ± 0.38 *‡	0.64 ± 0.05*‡
	128%	130.51%	126.79%	76.34%	164.61%
Silymarin + CCl4	24.76 ± 1.67†	53.95 ± 0.57*†	67.45 ± 1.65†	6.65 ± 0.44†	0.44 ± 0.04*†
	99.04%	113.56%	102.70%	95.75%	113.61%
F.c. leaf + CCl4	22.96 ± 0.89*†‡	45.5 ± 1.9*†‡	70.1 ± 2.97*†	6.98 ± 0.57†	0.39 ± 0.03†‡
	91.84%	95.77%	106.74%	100.42%	100.31%
M.a. root bark + CCl4	24.6 ± 1.6†	55.37 ± 0.91*†	76.36 ± 2.76*†‡	6.8 ± 0.47†	0.3883 ± 0.03†‡
	98.40%	116.54%	116.27%	97.93%	99.87%
F.c. fruit + CCl4	26.2 ± 1.56†	53.5 ± 1.3*†	69.95 ± 2.61*†	6.67 ± 0.44†	0.41 ± 0.04†
	104.80%	112.61%	106.51%	96.04%	105.45%

Values are given as mean ± SD from six rats in each group; CCl₄ group (receiving CCl₄ alone) is compared with control group and silymarin group (receiving silymarin along with CCl₄); experimental groups are compared with normal, CCl₄ and silymarin groups; values are statistically significant at P <0.05, ^*as compared with the control group; ^†as compared with CCl₄ group; ^‡as compared with silymarin group.

Table 3.  Effect of methanol extracts of Ficus carica (F.c.) leaves, fruits and Morus alba (M.a.) root bark on plasma urea (UR) and creatinine (CR) contents in rats that received CCl₄.

Groups	Control	CCl4	Silymarin + CCl4	F.c. leaf + CCl4	M.a. root bark + CCl4	F.c. fruit + CCl4
UR	49.03 ± 2.68†	61.04 ± 3.41*‡	51.27 ± 3.03†	54.55 ± 3.16*†	35.87 ± 2.14*†‡	51.88 ± 2.67†
mg/dL	100%	124.50%	104.57%	111.25%	73.16%	105.81%
CR	0.81 ± 0.08†	1.1 ± 0.09*‡	0.8 ± 0.07†	0.93 ± 0.08*†‡	0.78 ± 0.07†	0.89 ± 0.08†
mg/dL	100%	135.77%	98.77%	114.81%	96.30%	109.88%

Values are given as mean ± SD from six rats in each group; CCl₄ group (receiving CCl₄ alone) is compared with control group and silymarin group (receiving silymarin along with CCl₄); experimental groups are compared with normal, CCl₄ and silymarin groups; values are statistically significant at P < 0.05, ^*as compared with the control group; ^†as compared with CCl₄ group; ^‡as compared with silymarin group.

Figure 1.  Microphotograph of liver sections taken from rats of the control group. H and E staining (× 400).

Figure 2.  Microphotograph of liver sections taken from rats of CCl₄ group, (1 mL/kg of 40% solution, s.c.). H and E staining (× 400).

Figure 3.  Microphotograph of liver sections taken from rats of silymarin treated group (50 mg/kg, i.p.). H and E staining (× 400).

Figure 4.  Microphotograph of liver sections taken from rats of F. carica leaves treated group (50 mg/kg, i.p.). H and E staining (× 400).

Figure 5.  Microphotograph of liver sections taken from rats of M. alba root bark treated group (50 mg/kg, i.p.). H and E staining (× 400).

Figure 6.  Microphotograph of liver sections taken from rats of F. carica fruits treated group (150 mg/kg, i.p.). H and E staining (× 400).