Chemical composition and analgesic activity of Senecio rufinervis essential oil

Figures & data

Table 1.  Percentage composition of essential oil of the leaves of Senecio rufinervis D.C.

Compounds	RI	Leaf oil (%)	Mode of identification
α-pinene	940	3.24	a,b
β- pinene	981	12.23	a,b
P-cymene	1280	0.87	a,b
δ-elemene	1340	1.60	a,b
β-longipinene	1352	4.15	a,b
β- cubebene	1391	1.9	a,b
β-caryophyllene	1420	6.21	a,b
γ -murrolene	1477	2.3	a,b
germacrene D	1482	40.19	a,b,c
δ-cadinene	1526	2.83	a,b
germacrene D-4-ol	1576	2.66	a,b,c
Total		78.18

a, Mass spectra; b, KI; c, ¹H-NMR; RI, retention indices.

Figure 1.  Effect of essential oil of Senecio rufinervis (D8) on the nociception induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. Mean ± SEM. Pentazocine (10 mg/kg, i.p) was used as positive control. *significantly different from control i.e. vehicle treated group, ^asignificantly different from pentazocine treated group (p <0.05, ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test), ^bsignificantly different from D8 (25 mg/kg).

Table 2.  Effect of the essential oil from S. rufinervis (D8 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, i.p) in hot-plate test in mice.

Group (mg/kg)	Latency (s)
	Predrug	Post drug
		0.25 h	0.5 h	1 h
Vehicle	4.36 ± 1.6	4.48 ± 1.7	4.5 ± 1.3	4.5 ± 1.3
D8 (25)	7.0 ± 0.8	8.8 ± 1.1	8.0 ± 1.0	7.6 ± 0.9
D8 (50)	6.0 ± 1.73	12.6 ± 0.4*^#	9.0 ± 0.9*^#	6.66 ± 0.88
D8 (75)	4.9 ± 0.4	8.8 ± 0.4*^#	7.8 ± 0.6*^#	7.6 ± 1.2
Pentazocine (10)	3.9 ± 0.59	8.6 ± 0.6*^#	8.9 ± 1.0*^#	7.8 ± 0.58*^#

Each group represents mean ± SEM for 6 animals. Pentazocine (10 mg/kg i.p.) was used as positive control and vehicle treated group as negative control. *p <0.05 as compared to vehicle treated group, ^#p <0.05 as compared to predrug reaction (ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test). D8, essential oil of Senecio rufinervis

Table 3.  Effect of the essential oil of S. rufinervis (D8 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, i.p) in the Rota rod test.

Group (mg/kg)	Number of falls in 45 s (mean ± SEM)
	0 min	Min after D8 treatment
		15 min	30 min	60 min
D8 (25)	1.9 ± 0.01	1.1 ± 0.017	0.8 ± 0.025	0.9 ± 0.02
D8 (50)	1.86 ± 0.007	1.05 ± 0.023	0.76 ± 0.022	0.87 ± 0.025
D8 (75)	1.91 ± 0.012	1.12 ± 0.015	0.8 ± 0.015	0.86 ± 0.018
Vehicle	1.86 ± 0.012	1.05 ± 0.023	0.76 ± 0.023	0.87 ± 0.015

Each group represents mean ± SEM for 6 animals. Vehicle treated group served as control. D8, essential oil of Senecio rufinervis.