In vivo antimalarial activity of ginseng extracts

Figures & data

Table 1.  Compositions of ginseng polysaccharides.

Fraction	C (%)	U (%)	Monosaccharide composition (%)
			Glc	Gal	Ara	Man	Rha	GalA
WGP	77.1	10.0	77.9	6.8	4.6	1.0	1.1	8.7
WGPN	–	–	95.3	–	–	–	–	–
WGPA	–	–	18.5	18	15.5	–	3.8	44.2

C, carbohydrate content; U, uronic acid content.

Table 2.  Anti-malarial activities of ginseng extracts for the 4-day test.

Group	Dose (mg/kg)	P (%)	S (%)
Control		24.33 ± 3.35	0
Artesunate	14	10.41 ± 2.8**	57.21
	28	6.01 ± 2.1**	75.28
WGP	100	22.05 ± 4.35	9.36
	200	21.63 ± 4.9	11.11
WGPA	100	21.40 ± 3.8	12.03
	200	19.96 ± 2.7*	17.98
TG	10	13.82 ± 3.65**	43.2
	50	11.48 ± 1.7**	52.8
PD	10	10.19 ± 2.25**	57.14
	50	7.06 ± 1.6**	70.97
Artesunate+WGPA	100 + 14	5.57 ± 0.1**	77.11

Data are expressed as mean ± SD for six animals per group. Compared with the control: *p <0.05, **p <0.01. P, parasitaemia; S, suppression.

Table 3.  Anti-malarial activities of ginseng extracts during 8-day test.

Group	Dose(mg/kg)	Day 4		Day 6		Day 8
		Parasitemia (%)	Suppression (%)	Parasitemia (%)	Suppression (%)	Parasitemia (%)	Suppression (%)
Control		25.01 ± 5.51		24.87 ± 1.7		23.77 ± 2.2
WGP	100	21.44 ± 2.15	14.27	17.08 ± 2.25*	31.34	19.27 ± 4.35	18.94
	200	20.67 ± 1.15	17.34	11.03 ± 2.6**	55.66	16.09 ± 1.65*	32.33
WGPA	100	18.54 ± 2.35	25.87	3.5 ± 0.67**	54.31	14.52 ± 3.7*	38.92
	200	17.47 ± 1.7*	30.15	8.7 ± 0.87**	64.73	10.65 ± 2.05**	55.2
TG	10	22.86 ± 5.51	8.61	20.1 ± 1.05	19.18	21.39 ± 3.3	10.03
	50	22.41 ± 3.65	10.4	19.04 ± 2.15	23.46	21.71 ± 1.6	12.78
PD	10	20.65 ± 2.7	17.44	18.6 ± 1.15	25.21	18.7 ± 2.7	21.34
	50	19.42 ± 1.65	22.34	15.72 ± 1.65*	36.78	17.2 ± 1.7	27.65

Data are expressed as mean ± SD for six animals per group. Compared with the control: *p <0.05, **p <0.01.

Table 4.  Effects of WGPA on macrophage phagocytic activity in normal and malaria-bearing mice.

Day	Dose(mg/kg/day)	Normal mice		Malaria-bearing mice
		PR (%)	PI	PR (%)	PI
	Control	27.51 ± 5.4	0.41 ± 0.14	33.37 ± 8.1	0.53 ± 0.18
4	100	28.85 ± 4.23	0.52 ± 0.12**	33.72 ± 4.19	0.69 ± 0.08**
	200	31.46 ± 4.17*	0.67 ± 0.15**	46.59 ± 3.49**	1.01 ± 0.08**
6	100	29.55 ± 5.25	0.62 ± 0.18**	43.68 ± 2.39**	0.94 ± 0.14**
	200	32.05 ± 3.12*	0.77 ± 0.18**	47.16 ± 3.18**	1.13 ± 0.08**
8	100	30.8 ± 6.21	0.57 ± 0.14**	39.13 ± 4.27*	0.8 ± 0.08**
	200	31.76 ± 8.01*	0.69 ± 0.12**	42.61 ± 3.44**	0.78 ± 0.1**

Data are expressed as mean ± SD for six animals per group. Compared with the control: *p <0.05, **p <0.01. PR, phagocytic rate; PI, phagocytic index.