Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of eleven edible plants

Figures & data

Table 1.  Yields of the extracts.

Samples	Yield (w/w%)
	Dichloromethane	Ethanol	Water
Celery	0.25	3.88	2.49
Jerusalem artichoke	0.15	1.49	3.08
Spinach	0.68	3.08	2.52
Chard	0.34	2.83	4.69
Purslane	0.13	0.91	1.28
Ispit	0.11	0.64	0.8
Garden rocket	0.18	1.28	1.48
Red cabbage	0.13	5.22	3.48
Lime flower	0.94	2.07	3.94
Cinnamon	0.08	2.27	0.95
Rosehip	0.11	3.51	1.74

Table 2.  Absorbance values of dichloromethane extracts of eleven plants, BHT and α-Toc in the CUPRAC assay^†.

Samples	10 µg/mL	25 µg/mL	50 µg/mL	100 µg/mL
Celery	0.099 ± 0.0014	0.183 ± 0.0028	0.272 ± 0.0007	0.369 ± 0.0035
Jerusalem artichoke	0.073 ± 0.0026	0.129 ± 0.0015	0.228 ± 0.0042	0.335 ± 0.0141
Spinach	0.068 ± 0.0064	0.09 ± 0.0065	0.11 ± 0.0075	0.171 ± 0.003
Chard	0.083 ± 0.0021	0.127 ± 0.0007	0.202 ± 0.0071	0.317 ± 0.0064
Purslane	0.057 ± 0.0006	0.065 ± 0.0012	0.077 ± 0.001	0.098 ± 0.0023
Ispit	0.171 ± 0.0062	0.24 ± 0.0245	0.428 ± 0.0432	0.718 ± 0.0195
Garden rocket	0.057 ± 0.005	0.108 ± 0.0045	0.164 ± 0.0007	0.249 ± 0.0031
Red cabbage	0.128 ± 0.0042	0.275 ± 0.0142	0.403 ± 0.0106	0.729 ± 0.0955
Lime flower	0.104 ± 0.0212	0.161 ± 0.002	0.236 ± 0.0225	0.398 ± 0.049
Cinnamon	0.226 ± 0.0269	0.363 ± 0.0057	0.634 ± 0.0262	1.073 ± 0.0926
Rosehip	0.07 ± 0.0049	0.101 ± 0.0055	0.151 ± 0.0029	0.226 ± 0.0146
BHT^‡	0.878 ± 0.012	1.837 ± 0.1144	2.839 ± 0.0318	3.9 ± 0.01
α-Toc^‡	0.307 ± 0.0127	0.657 ± 0.0346	1.08 ± 0.0056	2.011 ± 0.0339

^†Values expressed are means ± SD of three parallel measurements (p < 0.05).

^‡Reference compounds.

Table 3.  Absorbance values of ethanol extracts of eleven plants, BHT and α-Toc in the CUPRAC assay^†.

Samples	10 µg/mL	25 µg/mL	50 µg/mL	100 µg/mL
Celery	0.064 ± 0.0049	0.076 ± 0.0014	0.097 ± 0.0007	0.137 ± 0.0066
Jerusalem artichoke	0.079 ± 0.0026	0.105 ± 0.0015	0.156 ± 0.0042	0.251 ± 0.0141
Spinach	0.066 ± 0.0029	0.108 ± 0.0007	0.144 ± 0.0025	0.246 ± 0.0191
Chard	0.099 ± 0.0081	0.165 ± 0.0064	0.307 ± 0.0085	0.394 ± 0.0014
Purslane	0.116 ± 0.0049	0.213 ± 0.0061	0.355 ± 0.0031	0.597 ± 0.0113
Ispit	0.21 ± 0.0471	0.44 ± 0.1055	0.869 ± 0.016	1.48 ± 0.0735
Garden rocket	0.063 ± 0.005	0.121 ± 0.0017	0.172 ± 0.0017	0.297 ± 0.0007
Red cabbage	0.075 ± 0.0014	0.09 ± 0.0014	0.122 ± 0.0014	0.195 ± 0.0021
Lime flower	0.134 ± 0.0231	0.207 ± 0.0206	0.354 ± 0.0246	0.629 ± 0.063
Cinnamon	0.361 ± 0.0007	0.691 ± 0.0028	1.55 ± 0.012	2.257 ± 0.0007
Rosehip	0.077 ± 0.0064	0.101 ± 0.0035	0.16 ± 0.0071	0.235 ± 0.0035
BHT^‡	0.878 ± 0.012	1.837 ± 0.1144	2.839 ± 0.0318	3.9 ± 0.01
α-Toc^‡	0.307 ± 0.0127	0.657 ± 0.0346	1.08 ± 0.0056	2.011 ± 0.0339

^†Values expressed are means ± SD of three parallel measurements (p < 0.05).

^‡Reference compounds.

Table 4.  Absorbance values of water extracts of eleven plants, BHT and α-Toc in CUPRAC assay^†.

Samples	10 µg/mL	25 µg/mL	50 µg/mL	100 µg/mL
Celery	0.057 ± 0.0015	0.063 ± 0.001	0.072 ± 0.0014	0.11 ± 0.0078
Jerusalem artichoke	0.063 ± 0.0017	0.075 ± 0.0012	0.096 ± 0.0076	0.131 ± 0.001
Spinach	0.057 ± 0.0046	0.074 ± 0.0021	0.103 ± 0.0028	0.145 ± 0.0021
Chard	0.067 ± 0.0006	0.086 ± 0.001	0.115 ± 0.0014	0.167 ± 0.0042
Purslane	0.084 ± 0.0025	0.13 ± 0.0025	0.201 ± 0.0032	0.348 ± 0.0108
Ispit	0.068 ± 0.0229	0.073 ± 0.0036	0.104 ± 0.041	0.108 ± 0.0031
Garden rocket	0.059 ± 0.0038	0.071 ± 0.0015	0.087 ± 0.0014	0.125 ± 0.0014
Red cabbage	0.1 ± 0.0079	0.152 ± 0.0106	0.357 ± 0.0028	0.562 ± 0.0057
Lime flower	0.088 ± 0.0046	0.14 ± 0.0167	0.203 ± 0.012	0.403 ± 0.1199
Cinnamon	0.195 ± 0.0451	0.421 ± 0.0021	0.741 ± 0.0092	1.325 ± 0.1246
Rosehip	0.062 ± 0.0015	0.077 ± 0.0031	0.094 ± 0.0012	0.134 ± 0.0026
BHT^‡	0.878 ± 0.012	1.837 ± 0.1144	2.839 ± 0.0318	3.9 ± 0.01
α-Toc^‡	0.307 ± 0.0127	0.657 ± 0.0346	1.08 ± 0.0056	2.011 ± 0.0339

^†Values expressed are means ± SD of three parallel measurements (p < 0.05).

^‡Reference compounds.

Table 5.  Anticholinesterase activity of eleven plants at 200 µg/mL^†.

Samples	Extracts	Inhibition % against AChE	Inhibition % against BChE
Celery	Dichloromethane	NA	59.91 ± 0.84
	Ethanol	NA	40.39 ± 0.78
	Water	NA	26.73 ± 0.33
Jerusalem artichoke	Dichloromethane	NA	43.73 ± 0.40
	Ethanol	NA	32.42 ± 0.69
	Water	NA	44.96 ± 0.14
Spinach	Dichloromethane	NA	30.60 ± 0.53
	Ethanol	NA	15.94 ± 0.33
	Water	NA	19.05 ± 0.41
Chard	Dichloromethane	NA	38.48 ± 0.75
	Ethanol	NA	29.99 ± 0.83
	Water	NA	11.93 ± 0.10
Purslane	Dichloromethane	NA	20.28 ± 0.07
	Ethanol	NA	30.66 ± 0.13
	Water	NA	3.52 ± 0.72
Ispit	Dichloromethane	NA	46.72 ± 0.20
	Ethanol	NA	20.57 ± 0.05
	Water	NA	7.33 ± 1.00
Garden rocket	Dichloromethane	NA	91.27 ± 0.62
	Ethanol	NA	77.73 ± 0.09
	Water	NA	72.16 ± 0.41
Red cabbage	Dichloromethane	46.92 ± 1.05	52.75 ± 0.13
	Ethanol	49.44 ± 0.19	9.24 ± 0.06
	Water	44.06 ± 0.71	6.55 ± 0.79
Lime flower	Dichloromethane	NA	36.64 ± 0.36
	Ethanol	NA	34.41 ± 0.24
	Water	NA	6.27 ± 0.37
Cinnamon	Dichloromethane	8.19 ± 0.31	59.41 ± 0.26
	Ethanol	63.02 ± 0.55	85.11 ± 0.71
	Water	9.09 ± 0.29	11.14 ± 0.97
Rosehip	Dichloromethane	49.55 ± 0.71	32.06 ± 0.67
	Ethanol	NA	9.38 ± 0.10
	Water	NA	5.51 ± 0.06
Galantamine^‡		89.99 ± 0.11	87.17 ± 0.83

^†Values expressed are means ± SD of three parallel measurements (p < 0.05).

^‡Reference compound.

NA: not active at 200 µg/mL.