Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Australian basidiomycetous macrofungi using a high-throughput 96-well plate assay

Figures & data

Table 1.  List of macrofungi collected between May 2008 and October 2009 across Queensland, Australia for evaluation of their antibacterial activity.

Sample name	Location	Latitude, longitude
Agaricus aff. xanthodermus	Collingwood Park, Brisbane	27°36'47″S, 152°51'47″E
Agaricus sp. 1	Goodna, Brisbane	27°36'04″S, 152°53'57″E
Agaricus sp. 2	University rainforest, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'37″S, 153°00'21″E
Agaricus sp. 3	University campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'52″S, 153°00'46″E
Agaricus sp. 4	Redland Bay, Brisbane	27°36'45″S, 153°18'11″E
Agaricus sp. 5	University campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'52″S, 153°00'46″E
Amanita ochrophylla	Fraser Island, Central Coast, Qld	19°42'21″S, 145°46'26″E
Amanita flavella	Goodna, Brisbane	27°36'34″S, 152°53'57″E
Amanita sp. 1	Goodna, Brisbane	27°36'34″S, 152°53'57″E
Armillaria mellea	Brisbane Botanical Garden, Mt. Coot-tha	27°28'37″S, 152°58'40″E
Auricularia auricula-judae	University rainforest, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'37″S, 153°00'21″E
Boletus sp. subsect. luridi	Springbrook NP, South Eastern Qld	28°12'52″S, 153°16'08″E
Cantharellus sp.	Cairns, Qld	17°13'06″S, 145°25'54″E
Calvatia sp.	Goodna, Brisbane	27°36'34″S, 152°53'57″E
Chlorophyllum molybdites	University campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'52″S, 153°00'46″E
Colus sp.	University campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'52″S, 153°00'46″E
Coprinus comatus	University campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'52″S, 153°00'46″E
Cortinarius sp.	Goodna, Brisbane	27°36'34″S, 152°53'57″E
Craterellus sp.	Main range NP, Brisbane	27°54'31″S, 152°19'16″E
Cyathus striatus	University rainforest, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'37″S, 153°00'21″E
Fomitopsis lilacinogilva	Fraser Island, Central Coast, Qld	19°42'21″S, 145°46'26″E
Ganoderma sp. 1	University rainforest, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'37″S, 153°00'21″E
Ganoderma sp. 2	University rainforest, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'37″S, 153°00'21″E
Gymnopus luxurians	University campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'52″S, 153°00'46″E
Hexagonia sp. 1	University rainforest, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'37″S, 153°00'21″E
Hexagonia sp. 2	Lamington NP, South Eastern Qld	28°15'28″S, 153°08'39″E
Hohenbuehelia sp.	Fraser Island, Central Coast, Qld	19°42'21″S, 145°46'26″E
Lentinus sp. 1	University campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'52″S, 153°00'46″E
Lentinus sp. 2	University campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'52″S, 153°00'46″E
Lentinus sp. 3	University rainforest, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'37″S, 153°00'21″E
Microporus xanthopus	Lamington NP, South Eastern Qld	28°15'28″S, 153°08'39″E
Omphalotus sp.	Main range NP, South Eastern Qld	27°54'31″S, 152°19'16″E
Phallus multicolor	University campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'52″S, 153°00'46″E
Phallus rubicundus	University campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'52″S, 153°00'46″E
Psathyrella sp.	University campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'52″S, 153°00'46″E
Ramaria sp. 1	Springbrook, South Eastern Qld	28°12'52″S, 153°16'08″E
Ramaria sp. 2	Davis creek national park, Cairns	17°13'06″S, 145°25'54″E
Ramaria zippellii	Fraser Island, Central Coast, Qld	19°42'21″S, 145°46'26″E
Russula sp.	Mt. Tamborine, South Eastern Qld	27°55'36″S, 153°11'03″E
Russula erumpens	Collingwood Park, Brisbane	27°36'47″S, 152°51'47″E
Schizophyllum commune	University rainforest, St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'37″S, 153°00'21″E
Scleroderma sp.	Cairns, Qld	17°13'06″S, 145°25'54″E
Scytinopogon angulispora	Lamington NP, South Eastern Qld	28°15'28″S, 153°08'39″E
Strobilomyces sp.	Cairns, Qld	17°13'06″S, 145°25'54″E
Tylopilus sp. 1	St. Lucia, Brisbane	27°29'37″S, 153°00'21″E
Tylopilus sp. 2	Hardings paddock, South Eastern Qld	27°43'00″S, 152°44'45″E
Tricholoma eucalypticum	Goodna, Brisbane	27°36'34″S, 152°53'57″E

Table 2.  Growth inhibition (%) of S. aureus and E. coli with water and ethanol extracts of various macrofungi belonging to the class Agaricomycetes.

Sample	Conc. (%)	Water extract		Ethanol extract
		S. aureus	E. coli	S. aureus	E. coli
Subclass: Agaricomycetidae
Order: Agaricales
Agaricus aff. xanthodermus	50	+++	+++	+++	−
	25	+++	+++	+	−
	12.5	+++	−	+	+
	6.25	++++	−	+	+
Agaricus sp. 1	50	++++	++++	++++	−
	25	++++	++++	−	+
	12.5	++++	++++	−	+
	6.25	++++	−	−	+
Agaricus sp. 2	50	++	+++	−	−
	25	+	++	−	−
	12.5	−	+	−	+
	6.25	−	+	−	+
Agaricus sp. 3	50	−	+	++++	−
	25	−	−	+++	++
	12.5	−	−	−	++
	6.25	+	−	−	+
Agaricus sp. 4	50	n. d.	n. d.	++++	++++
	25	+	+	+++	++++
	12.5	−	−	+	++
	6.25	−	−	+	+
Amanita sp.	50	++++	++++	++++	++++
	25	++++	++++	++++	++++
	12.5	++	++++	+++	++++
	6.25	−	++	+	++++
Amanita flavella	50	−	−	++++	++++
	25	−	−	+++	++++
	12.5	−	−	+	++
	6.25	−	−	−	++
Amanita ochrophylla	50	++++	+++	+++	++++
	25	++++	+++	+	+
	12.5	++++	+	−	+
Armillaria mellea	50	++++	++++	−	−
	25	n. d.	n. d.	−	−
	12.5	++++	++++	−	−
	6.25	+	−	−	−
Calvatia sp.	50	+	−	++++	++++
	25	−	−	++++	++++
	12.5	−	−	+++	++
	6.25	−	−	+	+
Chlorophyllum molybdites	50	++++	++++	−	++++
	25	++	+	−	++
	12.5	++	+	−	+
	6.25	++	−	−	+
Cortinarius sp.	50	++	−	+++	−
	25	++	−	+++	++
	12.5	++	−	+	++
	6.25	+	−	−	+
Coprinus comatus	50	++	+++	+++	+++
	25	++	++	+	+++
	12.5	+	++	−	+
	6.25	−	+	−	+
		S. aureus	E. coli	S. aureus	E. coli
Hohenbuehelia sp.	50	++++	++++	++++	++++
	25	++++	++++	++++	+++
	12.5	++++	++++	++++	++
	6.25	++++	++++	++++	+
Psathyrella sp.	50	+++	++	++++	++++
	25	+++	+	++++	++++
	12.5	++	−	++++	++++
	6.25	+	−	+++	+++
Order: Boletales
Boletus subsect. luridi	50	++++	++++	++++	++++
	25	+	+	++++	++++
	12.5	−	−	+++	++++
	6.25	−	+	+	+++
Strobilomyces sp.	50	++++	++++	−	−
	25	++++	++++	−	−
	12.5	+++	++++	−	−
	6.25	+	+	−	−
Tylopilus sp. 1	50	++++	++++	++++	−
	25	++++	++	++	+
	12.5	++++	+	+	++
	6.25	++++	−	+	++
Tylopilus sp. 2	50	++	−	++++	++++
	25	++	−	++++	++++
	12.5	+	+	+	+++
	6.25	++	+	−	++
Subclass: Phallomycetidae
Order: Phallales
Phallus multicolor	50	+++	+	++++	++++
	25	+++	+	+	++++
	12.5	+++	−	−	+++
	6.25	+	−	−	++
Order: Gomphales
Ramaria sp. 1	50	++++	+++	++++	++++
	25	++++	++	++++	++++
	12.5	++++	−	++	+++
	6.25	++++	−	+++	+++
Ramaria sp. 2	50	+++	+	++++	++++
	25	++	−	+++	++++
	12.5	+	−	−	+
	6.25	+	−	−	−
Ramaria zippellii	50	++	+++	++++	++++
	25	+++	+++	++	++++
	12.5	++	++	−	++
	6.25	+	+	−	+
Subclass: Agaricomycetes incertae sedis
Order: Polyporales
Ganoderma sp. 1	50	+++	−	+++	++++
	25	−	−	−	+++
	12.5	−	−	−	++
	6.25	−	−	−	+
Ganoderma sp. 2	50	++++	−	++++	+
	25	++	−	++++	++
	12.5	−	−	−	+
	6.25	−	−	−	+
		S. aureus	E. coli	S. aureus	E. coli
Lentinus sp. 3	50	++++	++	++++	++++
	25	++++	+	++++	+++
	12.5	++++	−	+++	+++
	6.25	+++	−	+	++
Fomitopsis lilacinogilva	50	++++	−	++++	++++
	25	++++	−	++++	++++
	12.5	++	−	++++	+++
	6.25	+	−	++++	++
Order: Auriculariales
Auricularia auricula-judae	50	−	+	++	−
	25	−	−	++	+
	12.5	−	−	+	++
	6.25	−	−	+	++
Order: Cantharellales
Craterellus sp.	50	++++	+	−	−
	25	+++	−	−	−
	12.5	+++	−	−	+
	6.25	++	−	−	+
Cantharellus sp.	50	++++	+	++++	++++
	25	++++	−	++++	++++
	12.5	+	−	++++	++++
	6.25	+	−	++++	+++
Order: Russulales
Russula erumpens	50	++++	−	−	−
	25	++	−	−	−
	12.5	++	−	−	+
	6.25	−	−	+	++

++++ 75–100% inhibition; +++ 50–75% inhibition; ++ 25–50% inhibition; + <25% inhibition; − no activity; n. d. no data; macrofungi exhibiting no activity are not shown.