Fingerprint quality detection of Solanum nigrum using high-performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detection

Figures & data

Table 1.  The samples of Solanum nigrum: geographical origins, harvesting time, and similarity.

Sample no.	Geographical origins	Harvesting time	Similarity
1	Taian, Shandong	August 2006	0.954
2	Dezhou, Shandong	August 2006	0.853
3	Changchun, Jilin	August 2006	0.942
4	Haihekou, Jilin	August 2006	0.962
5	Siping, Jilin	August 2006	0.974
6	Shijiazhuang, Hebei	August 2006	0.964
7	Tangshan, Hebei	August 2006	0.882
8	Langfang, Hebei	August 2006	0.911
9	Tongliao, Inner Mongolia	August 2006	0.983
10	Chifeng, Inner Mongolia	August 2006	0.863
11	Lixian, Tientsin	August 2006	0.979
12	Huangshan, Anhui	August 2006	0.847
13	Hegang, Heilongjiang	September 2006	0.362
14	Chaoyang, Liaoning	August 2006	0.933
15	Jinzhou, Liaoning	July 2006	0.971
16	Shenyang, Liaoning	August 2006	0.942
17	Dalian, Liaoning	August 2006	0.557
18	Dongling, Liaoning	July 2006	0.954
19	Haicheng, Liaoning	August 2006	0.965
20	Chenzhou, Hunan	August 2006	0.83
21	Shunyi, Beijing	August 2006	0.985
22	Wulumuqi, Sinkiang	August 2006	0.801
23	Haikou, Hainan	August 2006	0.587
24	Shanghai	August 2006	0.406
25	Xinyang, Henan	September 2006	0.909
26	Pingdingshan, Henan	August 2006	0.984
27	Zhengzhou, Henan	August 2006	0.927
28	Shenzhen, Guangdong	August 2006	0.363
29	Hangzhou, Zhejiang	July 2006	0.518
30	Guilin, Guangxi	July 2006	0.283
31	Yuncheng, Shanxi	August 2006	0.961
32	Xian, Shanxi	August 2006	0.941
33	Xianyang, Shanxi	August 2006	0.978
34	Shenyang, Liaoning	June 20, 2006	0.414
35	Shenyang, Liaoning	July 5, 2006	0.537
36	Shenyang, Liaoning	July 20, 2006	0.953
37	Shenyang, Liaoning	August 5, 2006	0.978
38	Shenyang, Liaoning	August 19, 2006	0.945
39	Shenyang, Liaoning	September 4, 2006	0.935
40	Shenyang, Liaoning	September 19, 2006	0.943
41	Shenyang, Liaoning	October 5, 2006	0.876

Figure 1.  Structures of analytes used in the study.

Table 2.  The tried mobile phases in optimization of HPLC conditions.

Systems	Gradients
A: Acetonitrile	40% A in 90 min
B: Water
A: Acetonitrile	20–50% A in 60 min
B: Water
A: Acetonitrile (0.3‰ triethylamine)	(1) 20–30% A in 10 min
B: Water	(2) 30–36% A in 28 min
	(3) 36–50% A in 52 min
	(4) 50% A in 80 min
A: Acetonitrile (0.3‰ triethylamine)	(1) 10–15% A in 10 min
B: Water:methanol (8:2) (0.3‰ triethylamine)	(2) 15–30% A in 15 min
	(3) 30–34% A in 30 min
	(4) 34–50% A in 52 min
	(5) 50–55% A in 55 min
	(6) 55% A in 80 min

Figure 2.  The representative fingerprint of Solanum nigrum [column: Phenomenex C18 column (5 µm, 250 × 4.6 mm); detector: ELSD].

Figure 3.  Comparison between representative fingerprints (A) and mixture of standards (B) [column: Phenomenex C18 column (5 µm, 250 × 4.6 mm); detector: ELSD]. a: Uttroside B, b: solanigroside J, c: 5α-pregn-16-en-3β-ol-20-one lycotetraoside, d: linolic acid, e: palmitic acid, f: oleic acid, g: solasonine, h: solamargine, i: β₂-solamargine, j: nigrumnin I, k: degalactotigonin; l: igogenin 3-O-β-[d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-galactopyranoside.

Figure 4.  Representative chromatographic fingerprints of Solanum nigrum. (A) Group A; (B) Group B; and (C) Group C [column: Phenomenex C18 column (5 µm, 250 × 4.6 mm); detector: ELSD].

Figure 5.  The similarities of Solanum nigrum in different harvesting time (each 15 days). 1: June 20, 2006; 2: July 5, 2006; 3: July 20, 2006; 4: August 5, 2006; 5: August 19, 2006; 6: September 4, 2006; 7: September 19, 2006; 8: October 5, 2006.