Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of essential oils of Tanacetum parthenium in different developmental stages

Figures & data

Figure 1.  The map of Iran that showed the location of sampling site (Hamedan province). Arrow showed the location of Hamedan province.

Table 1.  Chemical composition of aerial parts of T. parthenium in three developmental stages. Amounts were expressed as percentage*.

	Post-flowering	Flowering	Pre-flowering	RI	Compound
3	0.40	0.62	0.69	924	Tricyclene
1	0.75	0.90	1.20	930	α-Thujene
4	0.56	0.92	0.63	935	α-Pinene
5	9.50	13.74	11.12	947	Camphene
6	0.48	0.46	0.66	974	β-Pinene
9	0.56	0.68	0.47	1013	α-Terpinene
7	1.96	2.10	2.29	1017	p-Cymene
8	1.45	1.12	0.86	1025	Limonene
10	0.38	0.50	0.58	1031	1,8-Cineole
13	0.36	0.20	0.62	1113	p-2-menthen-1-ol
11	12.65	18.94	16.75	1143	Camphor
12	8.70	10.93	11.84	1166	Broneol
15	1.26	1.40	1.26	1177	Terpinen-4-ol
24	1.28	1.67	1.54	1186	p -Methyl acetophenone
2	0.00	0.45	0.42	1189	α−Terpinol
25	0.55	0.72	0.65	1229	Cumin aldehyde
14	11.48	18.35	14.31	1285	bornyl acetate
16	1.14	1.36	1.96	1291	Terpinen-4-yl acetate
22	0.89	0.92	1.06	1414	β-Caryophyllene
17	0.75	0.88	0.64	1478	Germacrene-D
18	3.26	3.15	2.62	1500	Bornyl isovalerate
19	2.86	4.25	3.98	1526	δ-Cadinene
21	0.78	1.24	0.86	1589	(E)-β-Ionone
23	1.65	1.23	2.70	1596	Caryophyllene oxide
26	1.96	2.65	2.45	1660	10-epi-γ-Eudesmol
27	5.26	6.23	4.71	1674	Juniper Camphor
20	1.65	1.60	2.93	1714	cis-Ascaridole
28	1.65	1.97	3.16	1837	6,10,14-Trimethyl pentadecan-2-one
29	0.47	0.94	0.76	1882	z-Hexadecen-1-ol
30	1.24	0.93	1.58		Others
31	75.88	98.05	95.30		Total

*Each datum represented the mean of three samples.

Table 2.  Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of T. parthenium that was expressed as diameter of inhibition zone (mm) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

Essential oils bacterial strains	Pre-flowering	Flowering	Post-flowering	N-Hexane	Chloramphenicol	MIC
						EO^a (µL/mL)	STD^b (µg/mL)
Citrobacter amalonaficus	15 ± 3	16.5 ± 2	13 ± 3.5	—	13 ± 4	25	8
Proteus vulgaris	16 ± 4	21 ± 5	17 ± 4	—	35 ± 8	20	4
Serratia marcescens	14 ± 2	18 ± 4	13 ± 2	—	22 ± 5	25	4
Enterobacter aerogenes	13 ± 3	17 ± 3.5	13 ± 4	—	22 ± 3	38	4
Staphylococcus aureus	18 ± 2.5	24 ± 4	22 ± 4	—	25 ± 3.5	8	2
Staphylococcus subtilis	12 ± 2	24 ± 4.4	18 ± 3	—	25 ± 4	4	4
Bacillus megaterium	25 ± 3	29 ± 6	26 ± 3.5	—	18 ± 2.5	20	1
Bacillus cereus	14 ± 2	18 ± 2	15 ± 4	—	17 ± 3	16	1

^aEssential oil.

^bChloramphenicol standard.

Each datum represented the means ± SE of five samples.

Figure 2.  Effect of 24-h incubation of essential oil obtained from T. parthenium, at flowering stage, on THP-1 cells by Trypan blue dye exclusion assay expressed as percentage of viable cells in control and test groups. Results indicated that the oil has not significant toxic effect (P ≤ 0.05). 1, Control; (A) the group treated with 5%; (B) the group treated with 10%; (C) the group treated with 15% essential oil. Each datum represented the means ± SE of five samples.