Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifungal activity of Chuquiraga spinosa

Figures & data

Table 1.  Total polyphenols content and free radical-scavenging activity of the extracts of Chuquiraga spinosa.

Extract/antioxidant	Total polyphenols content*	DPPH˙ radical-scavenging activity^†	ABTS˙^+ radical-scavenging activity^†	Superoxide radical-scavenging activity^†
MeOH	12.59 ± 4.06	36.51 ± 1.93	40.91 ± 2.83	10.91 ± 0.95
MeOH50	6.25 ± 1.24	21.67 ± 1.47	20.04 ± 1.28	8.54 ± 0.48
Water	5.37 ± 0.56	29.35 ± 1.22	30.49 ± 1.59	9.58 ± 0.95
BHT	—	5.05 ± 0.63	5.22 ± 0.75	2.25 ± 0.43

*Total polyphenols content is expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 12) of milligrams of gallic acid per 100 mg of extract.

^†Radical-scavenging activity is expressed as IC₅₀ (µg/mL).

Figure 1.  Chromatograms of the extracts of Chuquiraga spinosa by HPLC-DAD registered at 254 nm. (A) phenolic acid; (B) flavonoid.

Table 2.  Anti-inflammatory effect of MeOH50 extract of Chuquiraga spinosa on rat paw edema.

Sample	Dose (mg/kg)	Increase in paw volume^† (percentage of inhibition of edema)
		1 h	2 h	3 h	4 h
Control group	-	0.28 ± 0.08	0.40 ± 0.04	0.66 ± 0.08	0.74 ± 0.05
Indomethacin	10	0.27 ± 0.02 (3.57%)	0.22 ± 0.09* (45%)	0.35 ± 0.02** (46.97%)	0.29 ± 0.05** (60.81%)
MeOH50 extract	250	0.28 ± 0.18 (0%)	0.38 ± 0.11 (5.0%)	0.52 ± 0.07 (21.11%)	0.69 ± 0.12 (7.02%)
MeOH50 extract	500	0.22 ± 0.08 (21.42%)	0.19 ± 0.05** (52.5%)	0.36 ± 0.08** (45.45%)	0.50 ± 0.08* (32.43%)

^†Increase of paw volume is expressed in milliliters as mean ± SEM (n = 10); statistical differences were considered significant between treated group and control group *p ≤ 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Table 3.  Anti-inflammatory effect of MeOH50 extract of Chuquiraga spinosa on mouse ear edema.

Sample	Dose (mg/ear)	Weight of edema^† (mg)	Percentage of inhibition
Control	—	27.97 ± 3.54	—
MeOH50 extract	2.5 (×3)*	3.33 ± 1.00**	88.07
Indomethacin	0.5	7.04 ± 2.97**	74.83

*Three doses of 2.5 mg/ear in intervals of 30 min.

^†Values of weight of edema are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 10); differences were considered significant between treated group and control group **p < 0.01.

Table 4.  Antifungal activity of the extracts of Chuquiraga spinosa.

Extract/antifungal compound	Candida albicans*	Cladosporium cucumerinum*	Rhizopus stolonifer^†	Penicillium expansum^†	Botrytis cinerea^†	Alternaria alternata^†
MeOH extract	>>10	>10	18.49	0	19.76	0
MeOH50 extract	6.25	>10	13.52	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Aqueous extract	2.5	2.5	4.58	0	0	0
Nystatin	1	0.2	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.

*Minimum inhibitory concentration of extract (µg) to inhibit fungi growth on silica gel TLC plate.

^†Percentage of inhibition at dose of 250 ppm.

n.d., not determined.