Effect of Emex spinosa, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Haloxylon salicornicum and Ochradenus baccatus extracts on the reproductive organs of adult male rats

Figures & data

Table 1.  Effect of oral administration of the tested ethanol extracts for 65 days on the serum activity of ALT and AST and serum levels of urea and creatinine in rats (n = 6).

Groups	Dose (mg/kg)	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)	Urea (mg/dL)	Creatinine (mg/dL)
Control	0.00	65.11 ± 2.62	144.62 ± 5.39	32.16 ± 1.83	0.36 ± 0.03
E. spinosa	100	62.37 ± 3.47	145.20 ± 5.51	33.50 ± 1.85	0.37 ± 0.03
	200	64.50 ± 3.56	140.25 ± 4.22	35.17 ± 1.78	0.39 ± 0.02
	400	66.14 ± 3.22	146.71 ± 5.63	32.55 ± 1.55	0.35 ± 0.03
L. pyrotechnica	100	67.20 ± 4.72	142.47 ± 4.83	35.36 ± 1.85	0.33 ± 0.04
	200	63.78 ± 4.17	148.11 ± 4.16	35.08 ± 1.50	0.39 ± 0.03
	400	64.50 ± 3.64	141.47 ± 5.20	34.82 ± 1.92	0.40 ± 0.04
H. salicornicum	100	67.39 ± 4.26	146.50 ± 4.27	33.40 ± 1.96	0.37 ± 0.03
	200	63.15 ± 3.24	141.62 ± 4.83	31.72 ± 1.85	0.39 ± 0.03
	400	66.28 ± 4.50	145.95 ± 5.27	33.15 ± 1.55	0.36 ± 0.03
O. baccatus	100	64.82 ± 3.58	143.13 ± 4.85	34.58 ± 1.91	0.40 ± 0.04
	200	62.58 ± 4.14	144.52 ± 5.16	34.17 ± 1.77	0.37 ± 0.03
	400	65.72 ± 3.82	146.30 ± 4.30	30.85 ± 1.83	0.38 ± 0.02

Table 2.  Effect of oral administration of the tested ethanol extracts for 65 days on the body weight and relative reproductive organ weights of male rats (n = 6).

Groups	Dose (mg/kg)	Body weight (g)		Relative reproductive organs weight (g/100 g b.wt)
		Initial	Final	Testes (pair)	Seminal vesicles	Ventral prostate
Control	0.00	212.5 ± 6.47	231.6 ± 6.83	1.19 ± 0.08	0.25 ± 0.03	0.17 ± 0.03
E. spinosa	100	216.7 ± 7.50	235.4 ± 7.59	1.27 ± 0.09	0.27 ± 0.04	0.19 ± 0.03
	200	220.7 ± 8.26	236.4 ± 8.22	1.35 ± 0.09	0.33 ± 0.04	0.22 ± 0.04
	400	207.7 ± 7.47	225.4 ± 7.85	1.45 ± 0.08*	0.38 ± 0.03*	0.26 ± 0.02*
L. pyrotechnica	100	215.3 ± 6.24	232.8 ± 7.77	1.36 ± 0.08	0.30 ± 0.04	0.21 ± 0.04
	200	204.3 ± 7.62	222.8 ± 7.36	1.44 ± 0.07*	0.39 ± 0.05*	0.27 ± 0.03*
	400	211.3 ± 6.80	228.8 ± 6.25	1.52 ± 0.08*	0.42 ± 0.06*	0.31 ± 0.03**
H. salicornicum	100	213.8 ± 8.33	234.5 ± 8.62	1.21 ± 0.10	0.23 ± 0.03	0.18 ± 0.02
	200	210.8 ± 6.18	225.5 ± 6.15	1.21 ± 0.08	0.27 ± 0.04	0.17 ± 0.03
	400	205.8 ± 7.57	223.5 ± 7.29	1.17 ± 0.11	0.28 ± 0.03	0.15 ± 0.04
O. baccatus	100	218.2 ± 6.75	234.2 ± 7.15	1.22 ± 0.10	0.25 ± 0.03	0.18 ± 0.02
	200	207.2 ± 7.29	226.2 ± 8.50	1.20 ± 0.09	0.29 ± 0.05	0.20 ± 0.03
	400	208.2 ± 8.08	249.2 ± 7.36	1.17 ± 0.08	0.26 ± 0.04	0.19 ± 0.02

*p < 0.05 **p < 0.001, significantly different from vehicle control group.

Table 3.  Effect of oral administration of the tested ethanol extracts for 65 days on the serum hormone profile in male rats (n = 6).

Groups	Dose (mg/kg)	Testosterone (ng/mL)	Prolactin (ng/mL)	FSH (mIU/mL)	LH (mIU/mL)
Control	0.00	4.64 ± 0.16	0.60 ± 0.03	7.34 ± 0.15	0.59 ± 0.02
E. spinosa	100	4.83 ± 0.15	0.63 ±.03	7.17 ± 0.28	0.61 ± 0.03
	200	5.04 ± 0.19	0.62 ± 0.02	7.22 ± 0.21	0.66 ± 0.04
	400	5.30 ± 0.15*	0.65 ± 0.02	7.35 ± 0.20	0.69 ± 0.03*
L. pyrotechnica	100	4.91 ± 0.21	0.62 ± 0.03	7.53 ± 0.14	0.64 ± 0.04
	200	5.32 ± 0.20*	0.60 ± 0.02	7.63 ± 0.17	0.70 ± 0.03*
	400	5.66 ± 0.19**	0.64 ± 0.02	7.86 ± 0.19	0.74 ± 0.03**
H. salicornicum	100	4.50 ± 0.18	0.62 ± 0.03	7.04 ± 0.16	0.58 ± 0.02
	200	4.46 ± 0.12	0.60 ± 0.04	7.12 ± 0.19	0.60 ± 0.03
	400	4.52 ± 0.15	0.64 ± 0.03	7.27 ± 0.20	0.61 ± 0.02
O. baccatus	100	4.70 ± 0.18	0.65 ± 0.04	7.49 ± 0.17	0.57 ± 0.02
	200	4.63 ± 0.20	0.64 ± 0.03	7.63 ± 0.16	0.59 ± 0.04
	400	4.65 ± 0.16	0.64 ± 0.04	7.30 ± 0.18	0.58 ± 0.03

*p < 0.05 **p < 0.001, significantly different from vehicle control group.

Table 4.  Effect of oral administration of the tested ethanol extracts for 65 days on semen characteristics of male rats (n = 6).

Groups	Dose (mg/kg)	Sperm count (×10^6/mL)	Sperm motility (%)	Viable sperms (%)	Total sperm abnormalities (%)
Control	0.00	218.1 ± 4.28	77.5 ± 2.12	90.7 ± 2.16	3.28 ± 0.11
E. spinosa	100	226.5 ± 5.84	80.8 ± 2.27	91.3 ± 3.25	3.15 ± 0.13
	200	227.3 ± 4.24	83.0 ± 2.22	93.0 ± 2.14	2.90 ± 0.10
	400	233.7 ± 4.50*	87.3 ± 3.50*	94.5 ± 3.37	2.85 ± 0.12*
L. pyrotechnica	100	229.8 ± 4.17	83.3 ± 2.47	93.0 ± 3.65	2.98 ± 0.12
	200	237.0 ± 5.22*	86.0 ± 3.11*	94.4 ± 2.53	2.88 ± 0.10*
	400	240.3 ± 4.64**	89.7 ± 2.90**	96.2 ± 3.91	2.80 ± 0.11*
H. salicornicum	100	220.3 ± 4.55	77.6 ± 2.55	90.7 ± 2.44	3.25 ± 0.14
	200	222.5 ± 4.82	78.6 ± 2.50	90.2 ± 3.25	3.19 ± 0.16
	400	223.1 ± 5.14	78.6 ± 3.72	91.0 ± 3.60	3.27 ± 0.18
O. baccatus	100	221.5 ± 4.26	78.5 ± 2.65	90.6 ± 3.21	3.22 ± 0.15
	200	220.7 ± 4.80	79.5 ± 2.87	90.3 ± 2.86	3.00 ± 0.19
	400	220.2 ± 5.27	79.5 ± 3.36	91.8 ± 3.54	3.31 ± 0.15

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, significantly different from vehicle control group.

Table 5.  Effect of oral administration of the tested ethanol extracts for 65 days on the fertility index of male rats (n = 6) after mating with normally cycling female rats (n = 12).

Groups	Dose (mg/kg)	Number of females showed positive mating			Fertility index (%)			Litter size of the mated females (M ± SE)
		30	45	60	30	45	60	30	45	60
Control	0.00	9/12	10/12	10/12	75.00	83.33	83.33	6.42 ± 0.49	7.06 ± 0.47	7.14 ± 0.48
E. spinosa	100	9/12	9/12	10/12	75.00	75.00	83.33	6.54 ± 0.44	6.73 ± 0.43	7.39 ± 0.42
	200	10/12	10/12	10/12	83.33	83.33	83.33	7.35 ± 0.47	7.66 ± 0.46	7.84 ± 0.46
	400	11/12	11/12	11/12	91.67	91.67	91.67	8.18 ± 0.46*	8.62 ± 0.42*	8.75 ± 0.43*
L. pyrotechnica	100	9/12	10/12	10/12	75.00	83.33	83.33	6.83 ± 0.45	7.46 ± 0.43	7.85 ± 0.49
	200	11/12	12/12	12/12	91.67	100.0	100.0	8.24 ± 0.45*	8.70 ± 0.42*	8.64 ± 0.42*
	400	12/12	12/12	12/12	100.0	100.0	100.0	9.00 ± 0.46**	9.10 ± 0.42**	9.17 ± 0.41**
H. salicornicum	100	9/12	9/12	10/12	75.00	75.00	83.33	6.45 ± 0.42	6.74 ± 0.43	7.32 ± 0.42
	200	9/12	10/12	10/12	75.00	83.33	83.33	6.62 ± 0.47	7.50 ± 0.45	7.41 ± 0.43
	400	8/12	9/12	9/12	66.67	75.00	75.00	6.20 ± 0.43	6.78 ± 0.47	6.58 ± 0.47
O. baccatus	100	9/12	9/12	9/12	75.00	75.00	75.00	6.44 ± 0.39	6.50 ± 0.42	6.53 ± 0.43
	200	9/12	9/12	10/12	75.00	75.00	83.33	6.83 ± 0.47	6.50 ± 0.43	7.47 ± 0.41
	400	8/12	8/12	9/12	66.67	66.67	75.00	6.25 ± 0.42	6.77 ± 0.39	6.45 ± 0.42

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, significantly different from vehicle control group.