Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two Spondias species from Northeastern Brazil

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Chemical structures of quercetin, rutin and ellagic acid.

Figure 2.  HPLC Chromatograms of the methanol:water extracts of S. tuberosa (A) and S. mombin (B). Compounds 1. rutin, 2. ellagic acid, 3. quercetin.

Table 1.  Content of flavonoids (quercetin and rutin) and ellagic acid in extracts of Spondias species from Northeastern Brazil determined by HPLC.

Compounds	Cajá (S. mombin) (mg/g extract)	Umbu (S. tuberosa) (mg/g extract)
Rutin	–	53.38 ± 1.71ª
Ellagic acid	41.56 ± 0.01ª	169.76 ± 0.17^b
Quercetin	2.36 ± 0.01^b	24.46 ± 0.87^c

ANOVA and Tukey’s Multiple Comparison; superscript letters indicate the statistical significance differences at p < 0.05, comparing data in the same column.

Table 2.  Antioxidant capacities measured by DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity expressed as IC₅₀ (mg/mL ± SD) of methanol:water (80:20) extracts and constituents of Spondias species.

Extract/standard	DPPH scavenging EC50	ABTS scavenging EC50
S. mombin	0.417 ± 0.01^a	0.451 ± 0.029^a
S. tuberosa	0.558 ± 0.008^b	0.465 ± 0.029^a
BHT	0.165 ± 0.01^c	0.308 ± 0.01^b
Quercetin	0.081 ± 0.03^d	0.171 ± 0.01^c
Rutin	0.295 ± 0.01^e	0.413 ± 0.02^d
Ellagic acid	0.042 ± 0.05^f	0.089 ± 0.01^e

IC₅₀ = medium effective concentration.

Superscript letters indicate statistical significant differences among data in the rows at p < 0.05.

Table 3.  Antibacterial activities of methanol:water (80:20) extracts of Spondias species.

Microorganisms	S. mombin			S. tuberosa
	ID	MIC	MBC	ID	MIC	MBC
Klebsiella pneumonia	–	–	R	19.1	125	R
Serratia marcescens	11.0	125	R	11.8	62.5	R
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	–	–	R	20.1	125	R
Proteus mirabilis	9.6	125	R	8.8	62.5	R
Morganella morganii	–	–	R	10.2	125	R
Serratia liquefaciens	–	–	R	11.2	62.5	R
Enterobacter cloacae	20.0	125	R	15.0	62.5	R

*Concentration unit: µg/mL; (–) No inhibition or inactive with inhibition zones inferior to 7 mm; ID, diameter of inhibition zone expressed in mm; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentrations (µg/mL); MBC, minimum bactericidal concentrations; R, inhibition at the highest concentration used (500 µg/mL); moderate activity: inhibition zones in the range of 7–13 mm; high activity: inhibition zones greater than 14 mm.