Hepatoprotective activity of Indian Phyllanthus

Figures & data

Table 1.  List of Phyllanthus species with the voucher number and location details.

Sl. No.	Species name	Habit	Voucher no.	Location
1	P. acidus (L.) Skeels	Tree	SK 225	Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karnataka
2	Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.	Herb	SK 108, SK717	Kolhapur, Maharashtra; Carbynchowk, South Andaman
3	P. debilis Klein ex Willd	Herb	SK 113, SK784	Chennai, Tamil Nadu; North-South road, Great Nicobar
4	P. emblica L.	Tree	SK 102, SK622	Sholapur, Maharashtra; Harmutty, Assam
5	P. indofischeri Bennet.	Tree	SK 541	Biligiri RangaswamyTemple Hills, Karnataka
6	P. maderaspatensis L.	Herb	SK 112	Chennai, Tamil Nadu
7	P. polyphyllus Willd.	Shrub	SK 115	Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karnataka
8	P. reticulatus Poir.	Shrub	SK226, SK621	Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karnataka; Harmutty, Assam
9	P. tenellus Roxb.	Herb	SK 116	Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karnataka
10	P. urinaria L.	Herb	SK114, SK 764	Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karnataka; East-west road Great Nicobar
11	P. virgatus G.Forst.	Herb	SK111, SK785A	Chennai, Tamil Nadu; North-South road, Great Nicobar

Table 2.  Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities along with phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin content of eleven Phyllanthus species.

Phyllanthus species	Extract	Hepatoprotective activity (50 µg/mL)	EC50 value of the hepatoprotective activity (µg/mL)	IC50 value of the antioxidant activity (µg/mL)	Phyllanthin (%)	Hypophyllanthin (%)
P. polyphyllus Willd.	Methanolic	Active	12	3.77	–	–
	Aqueous	Active	24	14.85	–	–
P. emblica L.	Methanolic	Active	19	3.38	–	–
	Aqueous	Not active			–	–
P. indofischeri Bennet.	Methanolic	Active	28	5.8	–	–
	Aqueous	Not active			–	–
P. debilis Klein ex Willd	Methanolic	Active	74	19.1	–	–
	Aqueous	Not active			–	–
P. virgatus G.Forst.	Methanolic	Active	>100	8.46	–	–
	Aqueous	Active	>100	53.89	–	–
P. amarus Schumach.	Methanolic	Not active			2.3	1.1
	Aqueous	Not active			0.027	0.013
P. urinaria L.	Methanolic	Not active			–	–
	Aqueous	Not active			–	–
P. tenellus Roxb.	Methanolic	Not active			–	–
	Aqueous	Not active			–	–
P. maderaspatensis L.	Methanolic	Not active			–	–
	Aqueous	Not active			–	–
P. reticulatus Poir.	Methanolic	Not active			–	–
	Aqueous	Not active			–	–
P. acidus (L.) Skeels	Methanolic	Not active			–	–
	Aqueous	Not active			–	–

¹Positive control: Silymarin (EC₅₀= 32 µg/mL) for heptoprotective activity and Ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ = 3.69 µg/mL) for antioxidant activity.

Figure 1.  Hepatoprotective activity of methanol extracts of (A) P. polyphyllus, (B) P. emblica and (C) P.indofischeri against t-BH induced cell damage in HepG2 cells. *p < 0.001 as compared to t-BH (1 mM). Error bars indicate standard deviation.